《孟子》“牛羊父母”句之句法语义分析  

Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of the Sentence“Niuyang Fumu(牛羊父母)”in Mengzi(《孟子》)

作　　者：寻天琦 Xun Tianqi(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代语文》2023年第12期19-23,共5页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：《孟子•万章上》:“谟盖都君咸我绩,牛羊父母,仓廪父母,干戈朕,琴朕,弤朕,二嫂使治朕栖。”其中,学界对“牛羊父母”的句法语义解读有不同观点,大致可分为两种:动词省略说和名词动用说。综合前代注疏及现代学者对该句的阐述,相对而言,名词动用说比较符合原句意义。这类名词动用现象,是上古汉语中表达给予事件的一种特殊的句法编码方式,它所表达的语义内容是:主语给予宾语由名词所指称的事物。Mengzi WanzhangShang(《孟子•万章上》):“Mo gai du jun xian wo ji,Niuyang Fumu,Canglin Fumu,Gange zhen,Qin zhen,Di zhen,Ersao shi zhi zhenqi.(谟盖都君咸我绩,牛羊父母,仓廪父母,干戈朕,琴朕,弤朕,二嫂使治朕栖。)”The academic community has different views on the syntactic and semantic interpretation of this sentence,mainly divided into two categories:“verb omission”and“N-V shift”.According to the comprehensive syntactic and semantic interpretation by previous and modern scholars,the“N-V shift”theory best fits the meaning of the original sentence.This type of“N-V shift”phenomenon is a special syntactic encoding method in ancient Chinese that expresses the semantic content of the subject giving the object to the thing referred to by the noun.

关 键 词：《孟子》 句法语义 名词动用 动词省略 上古汉语 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]