鼠茅草间作对茶园土壤及茶叶品质成分的影响  

Effects of Intercropping with Vulpia myuros in Tea Plantation on Soil and Tea Quality Components

作　　者：陈义勇 黎健龙[1] 周波[1] 吴小敏 崔莹莹 冯少茂 胡海涛 唐劲驰[1] CHEN YiYong;LI JianLong;ZHOU Bo;WU XiaoMin;CUI YingYing;FENG ShaoMao;HU HaiTao;TANG JinChi(Tea Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640;Enping Xingwan Tea Factory,Enping 529471,Guangdong;Guangdong Hongyan Tea Industry Co.,LTD.,Qingyuan 513000,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,广州510640 [2]恩平市星湾茶厂,广东恩平529471 [3]广东鸿雁茶业有限公司,广东清远513000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第24期4916-4929,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金-青年提升项目(2023A1515030269);2020年度广东省科技专项资金(“大专项+任务清单”)项目(江科〔2020〕182号);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202125TD);广东省标准化试点项目(粤市监〔2023〕278号);广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目(KTP20210192);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析茶园间作鼠茅草对土壤营养成分、土壤微生物群落结构以及茶叶品质成分的影响,为鼠茅草间作改良茶树种植生态环境,提升茶叶品质提供数据支撑。【方法】以间作鼠茅草2年的茶园土壤和茶叶鲜叶为试验材料,清耕茶园为对照,对茶园表层土壤pH、有机质、矿质营养成分等进行测定;运用16S、ITS高通量测序技术分别对土壤细菌和真菌种群结构进行测定分析;茶叶品质成分采用Agilent-7890B气相色谱仪进行检测。【结果】在茶园间作鼠茅草2年后,茶园土壤pH提高0.29,土壤有机质含量增加16.46 g·kg^(-1);另外,有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮等在鼠茅草间作的茶园土壤中有不同程度的增加,其中有效磷是清耕茶园的5.88倍。鼠茅草间作茶园土壤全氮含量高于清耕茶园,全磷、全钾、全钠含量均低于清耕茶园。有效锌、有效铁、有效铜和阳离子交换量在鼠茅草间作茶园土壤中的含量均高于清耕茶园。鼠茅草间作茶园土壤细菌数量增加,真菌数量减少。有机质分解相关放线菌门细菌和子囊菌门真菌在鼠茅草间作茶园土壤中的相对丰度增加。鼠茅草间作茶园与清耕茶园茶叶鲜叶中共鉴定出259个茶叶代谢物组分,其中20种代谢物的含量存在显著差异,差异代谢物主要包括糖类、脂肪酸类和儿茶素类等。鼠茅草间作茶园茶树叶片中麦白糖、甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、乳糖醇、半乳糖甘油及α-乳糖含量是清耕茶园的2倍以上;(9Z)-十八碳烯酸和(9Z,12Z,15Z)-十八碳三烯酸含量显著低于清耕茶园;(+)-没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶酚、表儿茶素等4种儿茶素类代谢物在鼠茅草间作茶园茶叶中的含量也显著低于清耕茶园。【结论】茶园间作鼠茅草能有效缓解茶园土壤酸化,增加土壤有机质及矿质营养元素含量;土壤细菌和真菌数量及群落结构的变化能有效提升茶树对土壤营养�【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of intercropping Vulpia myuros on soil nutrient composition,soil microbial community structure,and tea quality components in tea plantations,so as to provide the data support for intercropping V.myuros as a means to enhance the ecological environment and quality of tea cultivation.【Method】The experimental materials consisted of soil and fresh leaves from a tea garden that had been intercropped with V.myuros for a duration of 2 years,and the control group was a clear-ploughed tea garden.The pH,organic matter,and mineral nutrients of the topsoil in the tea garden were measured.Additionally,the population structure of soil bacteria and fungi was analyzed using 16S and ITS high-throughput sequencing techniques.The quality components of tea were determined through Agilent-7890B gas chromatography.【Result】After intercropping V.myuros in a tea garden for 2 years,the soil pH increased by 0.29,and the soil organic matter content increased by 16.46 g·kg-1.Additionally,the available phosphorus,available potassium,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen also increased to varying degrees in the tea garden soil planted with V.myuros.Notably,the available phosphorus was 5.88 times higher in the intercropped tea garden compared with the clear-cultivated tea garden.The total nitrogen content in the V.myuros plantation soil was higher than that in the clear-cultivated tea plantation,while the total phosphorus,potassium,and sodium contents were lower.Moreover,the tea garden soil planted with V.myuros had higher levels of available zinc,available iron,available copper,and cation exchange capacity.The intercropping of V.myuros in the tea garden also led to an increase in the number of bacteria and fungi in the soil.Furthermore,the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota associated with organic matter decomposition increased in the soil of the V.myuros tea plantation.A total of 259 metabolites were identified from the fresh leaves of the grass pla

关 键 词：鼠茅草 茶 间作 土壤微生物 品质成分 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]