哲学解释学“问答逻辑”的存在论维度及其意义——从“独白”到“对话”  

The Ontological Dimension and Significance of“the Logic of Question and Answer”in Hermeneutics——From“Monologue”to“Dialogue”

作　　者：徐鹏[1] Xu Peng

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学学院

出　　处：《德国哲学》2023年第1期141-162,264,265,共24页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：对“问答逻辑”发生形态的追问要采取辩证法和现象学的双重视域,由此,解释学逻辑的还原之路必依循辩证法的历史发展脉络:对话—独白—对话。其中,“独白”向“对话”的回归是伽达默尔的功绩,此阶段的逻辑进程则表现为思辨逻辑向本源的问答逻辑的溯源。此溯源首先通过黑格尔的“独白”与柏拉图的对话之间的关系来展现思辨逻辑如何回归到问答逻辑(对话逻辑)。在此,“独白”作为思想与自身的对话,虽凭借运动辩证法(思辨逻辑和形式逻辑)完成了对思想自身的展露,但也显露出思辨逻辑为澄明思想自身的运动需借助形式逻辑(陈述语句)的不足。英国的新黑格尔主义者科林伍德采用问答逻辑批判命题逻辑的方式,指明了思辨逻辑的不足,从而构建起问答逻辑在认识论和方法论上的普遍性。最后,伽达默尔批判地继承和发展了问答逻辑,并依循海德格尔的“本源逻辑学”开显了问答逻辑的存在论维度及其意义。The investigation of the genetic formation of“the logic of question and an-swer”should take the dual vision of dialectic and phenomenology,so the reduction of her-meneutic logic must follow the historical development of dialectic:dialogue-“monologue”-“dialogue”.The return of“monologue”to“dialogue”is Gadamer's achievement,and the logical process of this stage is the tracing of speculative logic to the original logic of ques-tion and answer.First of all,through the relationship between Hegel's“monologue”and Plato's dialogue,it shows how speculative logic returns to the logic of question and answer(dialogue logic).Here,“monologue”,as a dialogue between thought and itself,reveals the thought itself by the movement dialectic(speculative logic and formal logic),but it also reveals the deficiency of“speculative logic”in clarifying the movement of thought itself,which needs the help of formal logic(declarative statement).Then,Collingwood,a British New-Hegelianist,points out the deficiency of speculative logic by criticizing proposi-tional logic with the logic of question and answer,and constructs the universality of the logic of question and answer in epistemology and methodology.Finally,Gadamer inherits and de-velops the logic of question and answer critically,and reveals the ontological dimension and significance of the logic of question and answer according to Heidegger's“ontological logic”.

关 键 词：哲学解释学 对话辩证法 问答逻辑 思辨逻辑 伽达默尔 

分 类 号：B089.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]