某SUV底盘空气动力性能优化研究  

Research on Aerodynamic Design Optimization for an SUV Chassis

作　　者：王庆洋 肖垚 吴雁飞 赵志明 马发跃 WANG Qingyang;XIAO Yao;WU Yanfei;ZHAO Zhiming;MA Fayue(Wind Tunnel Center,China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China;U Power Automotive Tech(Shanghai)Limited,Shanghai 200233,China;Chang'an Auto Global R&D Center,Chang'an Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司风洞中心,重庆401122 [2]优跑汽车技术(上海)有限公司,上海200233 [3]重庆长安汽车股份有限公司汽车研究总院,重庆401120

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2024年第1期60-71,共12页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0100100)。

摘　　要：汽车底盘空气动力性能优化对降低整车空气阻力和升力有重要影响,针对底盘区域进行空气动力性能优化设计是提升整车动力经济性的重要途径。针对某款运动型多用途汽车(Sport Utility Vehicle,SUV)开展整车外流场计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)仿真分析,对比了Realizable k-ε和SSTk-ω两种湍流模型仿真精度,选用Realizable k-ε湍流模型进行底盘空气动力学方案设计。结合该SUV底盘特征及仿真流场分析结果,在尽可能降低整车成本的前提下,设计前保险杠下部阻风板、前轮挡板斜梯、副车架后部导流板、底盘中部护板以及尾部消音器造型优化共5种空气动力学方案,并进行了实车风洞试验验证。结果表明,5种方案对整车空气阻力性能提升均有不同程度的贡献,其中尾部消音器造型优化减阻效果明显,实车空气阻力系数降低2.99%;综合采用5种底盘空气动力学方案后空气阻力系数共降低5.16%,升力系数降低21.00%,有效实现节能降阻,并有助于提高整车行驶稳定性。Optimizing the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle chassis has an important impact on reducing the aerodynamic drag and lift of the vehicle.The optimized design in the chassis area is a crucial approach to improve the fuel economy and power of the vehicle.In this paper,a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation analysis of the external flow field is conducted for a sport utility vehicle(SUV).The paper compares the simulation accuracy of Realizable k-εand SST k-ωturbulence models,ultimately selecting the Realizable k-εturbulence model for the aerodynamic design of the chassis.Combining the SUV chassis characteristics and the flow field analysis,and aiming to minimize the overall cost,the paper designed five aerodynamic proposals for the chassis,including the front lower spoiler,the front wheel baffle,the sub-frame rear spoiler,the middle chassis guard and the tail muffler shape optimization.A full-scale wind tunnel test was carried out to verify the CFD simulation results.The results show that all five chassis proposals contribute to the improved aerodynamic performance.The tail muffler shape optimization has a notable impact on drag reduction,decreasing the vehicle's drag coefficient by 2.99%.When the five proposals are combined,the drag coefficient and lift coefficient are reduced by 5.16%and 21%,respectively.The study effectively achieves energy-saving and drag reduction,and improves driving stability of the vehicle.

关 键 词：运动型多用途汽车 底盘 空气阻力 风洞试验 空气动力附件 

分 类 号：U461.1[机械工程—车辆工程]