青贮饲料质量评定方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Quality Assessment Methods of Silage

作　　者：闫威明 陈雅坤 杨鹏标 卜登攀[2] 张建勇 王建平[1] 赵连生[2] 赵勐 YAN Weiming;CHEN Yakun;YANG Pengbiao;BU Dengpan;ZHANG Jianyong;WANG Jianping;ZHAO Liansheng;ZHAO Meng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201306,China;Animal Husbandry Workstation,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750004,China;Modern Farming(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243071,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳471000 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [3]上海牧高生物科技有限公司,上海201306 [4]宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,银川750004 [5]现代牧业集团有限公司,马鞍山243071

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第1期135-144,共10页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301002);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016011-01);家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05-2023)。

摘　　要：青贮饲料是利用微生物在厌氧环境下将青绿饲料密封、发酵而成,既保留了青绿饲料原有的特点,又便于长期储存,且富含维生素和矿物质等营养成分,现已广泛应用于反刍动物生产中,是其重要的饲料原料。高效利用青贮饲料有利于畜牧业的高质量发展,如何科学快速评定青贮饲料质量是合理利用的关键,优质青贮饲料对反刍动物的生长发育、生产性能和健康具有重要作用。本研究基于国内外对青贮饲料质量评定方面的相关研究,从感官分析、化学分析(湿化学法、近红外法、高效液相色谱法)、生物学分析(体内法、尼龙袋法、体外发酵产气法、人工瘤胃法)以及综合指标(RFQ、GI2008、CSQI和AHQI)等多个现行评定青贮饲料质量的方法入手,总结了各个分析方法在评定青贮饲料质量时的优势以及影响其评定结果的因素,建议在评定青贮饲料质量时应注重多个方法之间协同作用,从营养含量、饲料消化率等角度对青贮饲料质量进行系统而又全面地评定,为今后评定青贮饲料质量的研究重点提出了建议和展望,同时也为青贮饲料的研究和生产应用提供一定参考。Silage is made by green feed sealing and microorganisms fermentation in the anaerobic environment.The advantage of silaging is not only to retain the original characteristics of green feed,but also to facilitate long-term storage,and rich in nutrients such as vitamins and minerals.Silage is now widely used in the production of ruminants and is an important feedstuff.Efficient utilization of silage is conducive to the high-quality development of animal husbandry.Assess the quality of silage scientifically and quickly is the key to realize silage utilization more efficient.High-quality silage plays an important role in ruminants growth,performance and health.Based on the relevant research on silage quality assessment at home and abroad,this study includes sensory analysis,chemical analysis(wet chemical method,near-infrared method,HPLC method),biological analysis(in vivo method,nylon bag method,in vitro fermentation gas production method,rusitec method)and indicator for silage quality(RFQ,GI 2008,CSQI,and AHQI).The advantages of each analysis method in evaluating the quality of silage and the factors that affect the evaluation results are summarized.It is suggested that when evaluating the quality of silage there should be a synergy between multiple methods.The systemic and comprehensive evaluation of silage quality from the perspective of nutrient content and digestibility of silage provides suggestions and prospects for future silage quality evaluation and silage application.

关 键 词：青贮饲料 感官分析 化学分析 生物学分析 综合指标 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]