库尔勒香梨无人机辅助授粉飞行作业参数优选  

Optimization of flight operation parameters for supplementary pollination in Kuerlexiangli pear using an unmanned aerial vehicle

作　　者：位杰 蒋媛 谢宏江 WEI Jie;JIANG Yuan;XIE Hongjiang(Agricultural Scientific Institute of 2nd Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tiemenguan 841005,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所,新疆铁门关841005

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第1期162-173,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB016);第二师铁门关市科技计划项目(2020NYGG01)。

摘　　要：【目的】无人机授粉技术因作业效率高、雾化效果好、成本低、可有效减少病害传播等优点,近几年不断得到重视与应用。探究无人机辅助授粉不同作业参数下雾滴在库尔勒香梨树冠层中的沉积分布规律,为精准、高效授粉提供指导。【方法】应用四旋翼无人机在库尔勒香梨盛花期开展不同飞行路线、喷液量、雾化粒径、飞行高度、飞行速度对雾滴沉积分布的影响研究,筛选最佳作业参数。【结果】无人机沿行上飞行时,雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率在树体上层到下层依次降低,而行间飞行时,上层最少,中下层较多,在同一冠层均低于行上飞行的雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率;随着喷液量的增加,树冠各层的雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率也随之升高;随雾化粒径的增大,雾滴密度在香梨树同一冠层整体上呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,相同粒径下,雾滴密度从上层到下层逐渐降低;同一飞行高度下,雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率在树体冠层从上到下依次递减,随飞行高度的升高,雾滴密度在各冠层呈先降后升的趋势,覆盖率和沉积量在树冠上层整体上呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在树冠中层和下层呈现先降后升的趋势;不同飞行速度下树冠上层的雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率无明显差异,在中层和下层,随飞行速度的升高,雾滴密度、沉积量和覆盖率逐渐下降。【结论】当无人机沿行上飞行、喷液量45L×hm^(-2)、雾化粒径100μm、飞行高度离树冠顶部1m、飞行速度3m×s^(-1)时效果较优。研究结果为无人机辅助授粉的田间作业参数设置提供参考,也为制定基于农用无人机的梨树辅助授粉作业技术规范提供依据。【Objective】The self-pollination fruiting set rate of Kuerlexiangli pear was low,and in the production the artificially assisted pollination is needed in order to improve the yield and quality.How-ever,the traditional method of hand-assisted pollination suffers from low efficiency and high cost.In re-cent years,with the rapid development of modern information technology and its widespread applica-tion in the field of agriculture,the technology of unmanned-aerial-vehicle(UAV)-assisted pollination has been widely applied due to its multiple advantages,such as high efficiency,high fogging effect,low cost and high disease blocking rate.To investigate the distribution pattern of droplets deposited on the canopy layer of Kuerlexiangli pear trees under different operating parameters of UAV-assisted pollination,the present experiment was undertaken to screen the optimal operational parameters,so as to im-prove the pollination quality and operational efficiency.【Methods】Five factors,including different flight routes(up-row flight and inter-row flight),spray volume(15 L×hm^(-2),30 L×hm^(-2) and 45 L×hm^(-2)),droplet size(70μm,100μm,130μm and 170μm),flight height(1 m,2 m and 3 m from the top of the canopy),and flight speed(3 m×s-1,5 m×s-1 and 7 m×s^(-1))were selected in this study.Three measurement in-dexes,including the droplet density,deposition volume and coverage rate,were analyzed during the blooming period of Kuerlexiangli pear.【Results】The droplet density,deposition volume and coverage rate decreased from the upper to lower layers on the trees when the UAV flew along the upper row.The droplet density was significantly different between the upper and lower layers,and the amount of depo-sition and coverage rate were not significantly different among the upper,middle and lower layers.In the inter-row flight,the droplet density,deposition volume and coverage rate on the upper layer were at the least leve and the three indexes on the same layer were lower than those in the up-row flight.The droplet de

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 无人机 辅助授粉 作业参数 优选 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]