结直肠癌的早期诊断策略和治疗进展  

Early diagnostic strategies and therapeutic advances in colorectal cancer

作　　者：黄庆 索彩霞 何凤 罗青青 李旺林 曹杰 HUANG Qing;SUO Caixia;HE Feng;LUO Qingqing;LI Wanglin;CAO Jie(Centre for Digestive Diseases,the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology,the First People’s Hospital of Guangzhou,Guangzhou 510180,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学附属第二医院(广州市第一人民医院),广州消化疾病中心,广东广州510180

出　　处：《广州医药》2024年第1期1-8,53,共9页Guangzhou Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81871943,82173236);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1111170004,202206080008)。

摘　　要：通过筛查和早期发现,可以降低结直肠癌(CRC)的发病率,有效切除肿瘤病变可以降低CRC的病死率。虽然对CRC的危险因素、发病机制和前体病变的了解已经取得进展,但最近年轻人群CRC发病率升高,原因尚不清楚。在过去十年中,出现了多种侵入性、半侵入性和非侵入性筛查方式。目前对结肠镜检查质量的重视提高了筛查的有效性,人工智能等影像新技术在肿瘤检测中的作用正在迅速显现。而且,CRC有效干预措施,如保肛治疗新术式、靶向治疗及免疫治疗领域的新进展,被证明可以提高CRC患者的生存率。该文旨在总结目前国内外CRC筛查方式和指南的证据,并综述CRC治疗领域的进展。The incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC)can be reduced through screening and early detection.Effective resection of tumor lesions reduces mortality from CRC.Although progress has been made in understanding the risk factors,pathogenesis and precursor lesions of CRC,the reasons for the recent increase in the incidence of CRC in young adults are largely unknown.A variety of invasive,semi-invasive and non-invasive screening modalities have emerged in the last decade.The current emphasis on the quality of colonoscopy has improved the effectiveness of screening,and the role of new imaging technologies such as artificial intelligence in tumor detection is rapidly emerging.Moreover,there are effective interventions for CRC,such as new surgical modalities for anal preservation therapy,and new advances in the field of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,which have been shown to improve the survival rate of CRC.The aim of this article is to summarize the current evidence on CRC screening modalities and guidelines both nationally and internationally,and to provide an overview of advances in the field of CRC treatment.

关 键 词：结直肠癌 筛查 早期诊断 手术治疗 靶向治疗 

分 类 号：R735.34[医药卫生—肿瘤]