国家介入与地方行动:乡村内生发展的张力及其化解  

State Intervention and Local Action:The Tension of Endogenous Rural Development and Its Resolution

作　　者：文军 陈雪婧[3] WEN Jun;CHEN Xuejing

机构地区：[1]贵州大学、贵州基层社会治理创新高端智库,贵阳550025 [2]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200241 [3]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下我国社会发展面临的不确定性及其应对机制研究”(22&ZD183);国家社会科学基金重点项目“不确定性研究的社会学转向及其体系建构”(22ASH002)。

摘　　要：基层社会发展离不开国家的适时介入与有效引领。在乡村内生发展的现实背景下,国家适时介入并有效引领乡村社会的良性变革,是乡村建设的主要路径和基本内容,然而其中存在的一定的现实张力也给乡村内生发展实践带来了挑战。本文从新内生发展的视角,梳理乡村发展实践中国家介入和乡村自主行动的具体方式,并分析在此过程中国家介入与地方行动之间的张力,其具体表现为:第一,在政策定位层面,国家宏观政策与基层行动策略难以统合,构成国家本位和地方本位的张力;第二,在治理形态层面,他治与自治的合作缺乏弹性空间,构成行政化他治和地方性自治的张力;第三,在资源配置层面,基层政绩要求和能力欠缺,构成重点帮扶和均等投放的张力;第四,在行动主体层面,国家介入农民行动的边界不清,构成国家主导和农民自主行动的张力。在多重张力并存的情况下,国家与农民互构式的新内生发展机制可以缓解张力之冲突,通过合作式吸纳、培育农民自组织、完善资源分配方式、建立超地方的行动者网络等方式,或能促进国家介入与地方行动的协调互动,共同推动乡村迈向内生发展的新阶段。The development of grassroots society is inseparable from the timely intervention and effective guidance of the state.In the context of rural endogenous development,the state's intervention and effective leadership in rural construction serve as a key avenue and fundamental content.Nevertheless,there exist certain realistic tensions that pose challenges to the practice of rural endogenous development.This paper,from the perspective of new endogenous development,examines the specific methods of state intervention and rural autonomous action in rural development practice,and analyzes the tension between state intervention and local action in this process.The paper examines the concrete manifestations of four tensions in rural development practice:the difficulty in integrating national macro policies with grassroots action strategies,the tension between administrative heteronomy and local autonomy,the tension between key assistance and equal investment in resource allocation,and the unclear boundary of state intervention in farmers'actions.To address these tensions,we propose a new endogenous development mechanism for the state and farmers.By cultivating farmers'self-organization,improving resource allocation methods,and establishing super-local actor networks,we can alleviate the conflict of tension and promote the coordination and interaction between state intervention and local actions.This mechanism aims to jointly promote rural areas to a new stage of endogenous development.

关 键 词：内生发展 国家介入 地方行动 乡村治理 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]