“三权分置”背景下宅基地户内共有权的结构解析与功能实现  

The Structural Analysis and Function Implementation of Common Ownership of House Base under the Background of“Separation of Three Rights”

作　　者：肖盼晴 XIAO Panqing

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院,武汉430079

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期144-153,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2022年湖北省高等学校省级教学研究项目“农村政治学情境教学的田野思政社会化路径研究:基于五类情境实验的比较分析”(2022092)。

摘　　要：“三权分置”改革加剧了农村宅基地权利结构的复杂性。其中,明晰宅基地户内共有权的结构与性质,是深化农村土地制度改革、实现农民财产权益的前提和基础。在身份与财产的双重作用下,宅基地户内共有权具有典型的“复合性”特征,即集体成员基于身份对宅基地形成利益期待性合有权,而对于地上房屋形成共同共有的财产关系。随着权能拓展的推进,“地合有-房共有”两个层次之间的张力增大,不仅影响宅基地的集体所有权属性,也阻碍房屋财产性功能的实现。对此,应从“国家-集体-个体”等多个层次寻求化解之道。国家层的制度设计,应创设类型化的退出机制、区分外部主体基于房地一体原则所享有的宅基地占用权与集体成员基于身份的宅基地使用权。“集体-个体”层次要使个人权利突破集体和农户的限制,从而缩小身份依附与权利流转之间的张力,促进期待性利益向现实利益的顺利转化。The reform of the separation of three rights intensifies the complexity of the right structure of rural homestead.Among them,to clarify the structure and nature of household common ownership of homestead is the premise and basis for promoting the reform of rural land system and realizing farmers'property rights and interests.Under the dual roles of identity and property,the household common right of homestead has typical“compound”property,which means that the collective members form the right of interest expectation to the homestead based on their identity,and form a common property relationship for the above-ground houses.With the advancement of power expansion,the tension between the two levels,land co-ownership and house co-ownership”,increases.This not only affects the collective ownership properties of house land,but also hinders the realization of farmers'property rights.To solve this problem,a solution can be found at various levels including the state,the collective and individuals.The system of national level is designed to create a type of exit mechanism,and distinguish between the two kinds of homestead land using rights of different characteristics.The collective and individual levels should make individual rights break through the restrictions of collectives and farmers,so as to narrow the tension between identity attachment and rights transfer,and promote the smooth transformation from expected interests to realistic interests.

关 键 词：“三权分置” 宅基地使用权 宅基地占用权 户内共有 复合型共有 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]