“才”字条件句的性质和类型  

The Property and Types of Conditional Sentences with cái(才)

作　　者：朱斌[1] 伍依兰[2] 袁陈杰 ZHU Bin;WU Yilan;YUAN Chenjie(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;International Cultural Exchange College,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学国际文化交流学院,武汉430079 [3]华东师范大学外语学院,上海200241

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2024年第1期47-62,共16页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“现代汉语源流考”(22&ZD294)。

摘　　要：“才”字条件句是汉语中一种重要的条件句,其基础语义表示必要条件;在特定句式的制约下,或者在特定语境下,可以“浮现”充要性或唯一性。“才”字条件句在格式语义上可划分为六种类型:时间条件句、道义情态条件句、特定条件句、排除条件句、假设条件句和倚变条件句。这六种条件,分为主观范畴条件和客观范畴条件,主观范畴条件包括道义情态条件和假设条件,客观范畴条件包括时间条件、范围条件(特定条件、排除条件、倚变条件);从条件选配视角上看,时间条件、道义情态条件、特定条件、假设条件和倚变条件为正向选配条件,排除条件为负向除外条件。这六种条件句的历史出现顺序大致是:时间条件句>道义情态条件句>特定条件句/排除条件句>假设条件句>倚变条件句。The conditional sentence structure featuring the use of cái(才)is an important conditional sentence structure in Chinese.The basic semantic meaning of cái(才)in such conditional sentences indicates necessity,and in specific sentence patterns or within particular contexts,the condition expressed in a conditional sentence with cái emerges as a sufficient and necessary condition and consequently implies the exclusion of other potential conditions.The usages of cái(才)in such conditional sentences fall under six semantic types:temporal condition,deontic condition,specific condition,exceptional condition,hypothetical condition,and dependent condition.These six conditional sentence structures are divided into the subjective category condition type and the objective category condition type.The subjective category condition includes deontic condition and hypothetical condition,and the objective category condition includes temporal condition and scope condition(specific condition,exceptional condition,and dependent condition).From the perspective of conditional selection,time conditions,deontic conditions,specific conditions,hypothetical conditions and dependent conditions are positive selection conditions,while exceptional conditions are negative exclusion conditions.The historical emergence sequence of the six types of conditional sentences with cái(才)is roughly as follows:temporal condition>deontic condition>specific condition/exceptional condition>hypothetical condition>dependent condition.

关 键 词：才 条件句 性质 类型 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]