晚清士人世界弱国历史撰述的学术价值与特点  

The Academic Value and Characteristics of Scholar’s Writing Historyof Weak Nations in The Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘澍 Liu Shu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《史学史研究》2023年第4期44-55,共12页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助“近代国人对亚非软弱小民族国家的历史建构(1912-1949)”(项目编号:2022M710422)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清士人对世界弱国的历史撰述具有很高学术价值。在国别方面,他们开创了中国人对埃及史、波兰史等国别史的历史记载;在时段方面,他们的视域扩大到古罗马、奥斯曼帝国早期史;在问题方面,晚清士人解决了许多困惑国人几百年的问题,比如佛教在印度的衰亡问题就是其一。晚清士人摒弃了以自我为核心的天下朝贡体系观,逐渐向民族国家过渡。在撰述列强侵略殖民地历史时,他们能识破列强的话语陷阱,从正反两方面分析,有较强的整体感和格局感。无论写强国还是弱国,他们的根本目的还是政治诉求,一些弱国史撰述并非实事求是,而是为了政治诉求的重构。纵有重构,弱国史撰述还是为了中国走向复兴服务,结合本国国情,探索出一条在本国各阶层、各族群拥有最大公约数的改革路径。The scholars’writing history of the weak nations in the late Qing Dynasty is valuable.They took a lead in recording the history of Egypt,Poland and other countries in China,and expand the records to history of ancient Rome and the early history of the Ottoman Empire.The scholars solved many questions which puzzled the Chinese people for hundreds of years,such as the decline of Buddhism in India.The scholars in the late Qing Dynasty abandoned the ideas of Celestial Empire and tributary system,accepting the idea of national state.They could analyze the history of colonies invaded by the great powers from both positive and negative aspects,revealing a strong dialectical thought.When they writing the history of strong or weak states,they wished to achieve political aims,so some historical records of weak states aren’t credible,but is construction and“inventing history”for political reasons.Still,their aims are for national rejuvenation,and they explored a reform path accepted by most classes and ethnic groups in China.

关 键 词：晚清 弱小国家史 历史撰述 学术价值 世界观 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]