拥堵收费下考虑船主心理期望成本的过坝策略研究  

Research on Dam-crossing strategy considering shipowner′s psychological expected cost under congestion charging

作　　者：高攀[1] 刘顺 赵旭[1] 胡斌[2] GAO Pan;LIU Shun;ZHAO Xu;HU Bin(College of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2024年第1期217-227,共11页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA089);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(19Q033)。

摘　　要：本文针对内河航运中水利枢纽通航拥堵问题,在拥堵收费下引入心理期望成本,以探寻面向双过坝模式(通航建筑物过坝和翻坝转运)的优化策略。首先,应用非抢占式M/M/1排队系统,构建了以综合过坝成本为参考点的决策模型,提出了三种情形(无心理期望成本、通航建筑物过坝的心理期望成本、双过坝模式的心理期望成本)下的船舶过坝优化策略,并对比分析了通航建筑物过坝比率、船舶平均等待时间和过坝系统总成本;然后,引入对翻坝转运的补贴策略,通过调整心理期望成本水平,来影响船舶过坝策略选择;最后,以三峡工程为例,验证了上述模型的有效性。结果表明:在拥堵收费下,考虑船主心理期望成本,可以促进过坝方式的转移,降低船舶过坝平均等待时间,且双过坝模式中均考虑该因素更有利于提升通航效率;同时,实施翻坝转运补贴策略,能充分发挥心理期望成本的调节作用,从而有效缓解水利枢纽通航拥堵问题。In recent years,due to the construction of large and medium-sized hydropower junctions,the navigation conditions of various river basins have been greatly improved,and the gradual improvement conditions has increased the navigation demand.However,there is a mismatch between ship′s dam crossing demand and ship lock′s dam crossing capacity,as well as an imbalance between dam crossing system and ship lock′s freight sharing,which leads to navigation congestion of water control project becoming a normal problem.Therefore,the key to solving the problem of navigation congestion in water control project is to explore the transfer path of the dam-crossing mode and the freight sharing mechanism of the double dam-crossing mode.This paper manages to introduce the psychological expected cost under the congestion charging,in order to describe the bottom line of the ship owner′s acceptance of the cost of crossing the dam,and analyze the influence of the bottom line on the selection of the dam crossing strategy.First,by applying the non-preemptive M/M/1 queueing system,a decision model based on the comprehensive cost of dam crossing is constructed.Second,the optimal strategy of ship dam crossing is proposed under three conditions(no psychological expected cost,psychological expected cost of navigable building crossing the dam,psychological expected cost of double dam crossing mode),and the ratio of navigable building crossing the dam,average waiting time of ship and comprehensive dam-crossing cost are compared and analyzed.Furthermore,the subsidy strategy of ship crossing dam can influence the choice of ship crossing dam strategy by adjusting the psychological expected cost level.Finally,the freight sharing mechanism of“ship lock passing dam+transfer over dam”is formed,and the navigable congestion problem of large and medium-sized hydropower stations is alleviated.The results of the case study show that,when the navigation congestion charging is not implemented,the ratio of navigable building crossing the dam are res

关 键 词：水路运输 心理期望成本 排队论 过坝策略 拥堵收费 

分 类 号：U116.1[交通运输工程] C93[经济管理—管理学]