谷子大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Millet and Soybean Intercropping Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, and Yield of Crops

作　　者：曹宇媛 纪晓玲[1] 刘琴 贺东东 王小林 张雄[1] CAO Yuyuan;JI Xiaoling;LIU Qin;HE Dongdong;WANG Xiaolin;ZHANG Xiong(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第1期61-67,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967013);榆林市科技局产学研合作计划项目(CXY-2021-82,CXY-2022-70);陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目(2022NYT01)。

摘　　要：为探究适于陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区膜际栽培条件下谷子大豆种植的最佳间作方式,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置2行谷子2行大豆间作(I_(22))、2行谷子4行大豆间作(I_(24))、4行谷子2行大豆间作(I_(42))、单作谷子(SG)和单作大豆(SD)共5个处理,分析不同间作模式下谷子和大豆干物质积累与分配特点、种间竞争力及其对产量的影响。结果表明,3种间作处理均显著提高了谷子的干物质积累量,且I_(24)处理显著高于I_(42)处理,谷子干物质分配比率孕穗期为叶大于茎,成熟期穗大于叶、茎,3种间作处理穗分配比率均显著高于单作,且I_(24)和I_(22)处理显著高于I_(42)处理;3种间作处理均显著降低了大豆的干物质积累量,大豆干物质分配比率开花期为叶大于茎,成熟期荚果大于茎、叶,3种间作处理荚果分配比率均显著高于单作,各间作处理间无显著差异。I_(24)和I_(42)间作处理土地当量比分别为1.10、1.06,土地生产力提高6%~10%,具有间作优势;I_(22)间作处理土地当量比为1.00,无间作优势。间作处理下谷子较大豆表现出了更强的种间竞争力(AG>0)和产量营养竞争比率(CRG>1),且I_(24)处理显著低于I_(42)和I_(22)处理。综上所述,2行谷子2行大豆间作为陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区的最佳谷子大豆间作方式。To explore the best intercropping method of millet and soybean under interfilm cultivation conditions in the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi,a single-factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up 5 treatments,including 2 rows of millet with 2 rows of soybean intercropping(I_(22)),2 rows of millet with 4 rows of soybean intercropping(I_(24)),4 rows of millet with 2 rows of soybean intercropping(I_(42)),millet in single cropping(SG),and soybean in single cropping(SD).Characteristics such as dry matter accumulation and distribution,interspecific competitiveness,and their effects on the yield of millet and soybean under different intercropping patterns were analyzed.The results showed as follows.The dry matter accumulation of millet was significantly increased by the three intercropping treatments,and it was significantly higher in the I_(24) treatment than that in the I_(42) treatment.At the booting stage,the dry matter allocation ratio to leaves was greater than that to stems.At the maturity stage,the dry matter allocation ratio to spikes was greater than that to leaves and stems.The dry matter allocation ratios of the three intercropping treatments were significantly higher than those of the single cropping,with I_(24) and I_(22) treatments being significantly higher than the I_(42) treatment.The dry matter accumulation of soybean was significantly increased by the three intercropping treatments.At the flowering stage,the dry matter allocation ratio to leaves was greater than that to stems.At the maturity stage,the allocation ratio to pods was greater than that to the stems and leaves.Among the three intercropping treatments,the pod allocation ratios were significantly higher than those of the single cropping,with no significant differences observed among the intercropping treatments themselves.The land equivalent ratio for the I_(24) and I_(42) intercropping treatments was 1.10 and 1.06,respectively,increasing land productivity by 6%-10%and highlighting the benefits of intercropping.

关 键 词：谷子 大豆 间作 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]