论请求权基础思维在民事裁判中的规范适用--以《民法典》与《民诉法》的融通为视角  

On the Normative Application of Basic Thinking of Claim Right in Civil Decision--From the Perspective of the Integration of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Law

作　　者：刘谢慈 党婷婷 LIU Xieci;DANG Tingting(School of Law,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学法学院,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期15-24,32,共11页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目“风险社会治理背景下民事诉讼合并制度规范化研究”(21YBQ067),主持人:刘谢慈;湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目“数字司法建设中审判资源动态配置研究”(23A0421),主持人:刘谢慈;湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划课题“习近平法治思想下全链条融合政法教育模式研究”(ND227826),主持人:刘谢慈。

摘　　要：随着德国法学方法论在我国的深入推广和《民法典》的实施,请求权基础思维得到了广泛研究,但纵观其推广历程,重点仍处于民法教育的案例教学课堂上,未广泛应用于具体的审判程序中,大部分关于请求权基础的应用只体现于其作为法律规范的作用,而未按照“诉讼请求→法律规范→要件事实→判决结果”的规范顺序进行,致使请求权基础的方法论功能未得到很好的体现,这归根于几十年来根深蒂固的以法律关系为中心的裁判思维以及民事实体理论与程序理论的脱节。针对部分裁判人员对请求权基础的理解存在差异,请求权竞合问题导致实体法和程序法衔接受阻等现实困境,应从发挥法律关系思维优势、平衡实体请求权与诉讼标的之间的冲突以防止“重复诉讼”、利用诉讼的客观合并有效处理请求权竞合问题等三个方面推动请求权基础思维的运用,进而加强民事实体法与民事程序法之间的融合,保障裁判的公正性。With the in-depth promotion of German legal methodology in China and the implementation of the civil code,the basic thinking of the right of claim has been extensively studied.However,looking at its promotion process,the focus is still in the case teaching classroom of civil law education,which is not widely used in specific trial procedures.Most of the application of the basis of the right of claim is only reflected in its role as a legal norm,and does not follow the normative order of"lawsuit request→legal norm→essential facts→judgment result",resulting in the fact that the methodological function of bases of the claim rights was not well reflected.This is due to the deep-rooted judgment thinking centered on legal relations and the disconnection between the theory of civil entity and the theory of procedure.In view of the differences in the understanding of some judges on the basis of the right of claim,the problem of competition of the right of claim leads to realistic difficulties such as the obstruction of the connection between substantive law and procedural law,We should give full play to the advantages of legal relationship thinking,balance the conflict between the substantive claim right and the subject matter of the lawsuit to prevent"repeated litigation",and use the objective combination of lawsuits to effectively deal with the competition of claims,so as to strengthen the integration of civil substantive law and civil procedural law and safeguard the fairness of the judgment.

关 键 词：请求权基础思维 法律关系 诉的客观合并 请求权竞合 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]