基于无人机技术的露天矿山越界开采监测与评估方法  

Monitoring and evaluation method for cross border mining in open-pit mines based on drone technology

作　　者：刘一[1] 马灿璇 湛龙[1] 范卓伟 宋世明[1] 曾勇[1] LIU Yi;MA Canxuan;ZHAN Long;FAN Zhuowei;SONG Shiming;ZENG Yong(Nanjing Center of China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第1期105-113,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局中央财政地质调查项目资助(编号:DD20211390)。

摘　　要：高效快速评估露天矿山越界开采对开展矿产卫片执法检查和推进严格保护矿产资源策略、推动区域高质量发展具有重要意义。基于无人机飞行技术、传感器技术、通信技术和影像处理技术,结合卫星遥感、地理信息系统应用,采集无人机航测数据与飞控系统数据,快速获取了疑似违法矿山二维场景图像(SIM),动态飞行展示矿区全貌和精细地物;进一步建立了矿山三维数字高程模型(DEM),定性研判违法类型与性质;针对需求建立了矿山的三维数字表面模型(DSM),定量估算违法采矿资源量;利用四维数字表面模型(DSM),查明矿山历史时期的违法过程,测算违法开采的资源量。无人机航测技术实现区域矿产资源开发秩序的快速监测和精细评估,为矿产资源的卫片执法检查工作提供理论支撑和决策依据。在江南某地进行试验的实例表明,基于无人机技术的露天矿山越界开采监测与评估方法技术具有时效性强、操作便捷、精细高效等优势,在支撑服务自然资源领域的卫片执法检查工作方面可以更加广泛地应用。Quickly identifying cross border mining in open-pit mines is of great significance for administrative law enforcement in resource management.It is also of great significance to promote strict protection of mineral resources strategies and promote high-quality regional development.Based on drone technology,sensor technology,communication technology,and image processing technology,combined with satellite remote sensing and geographic information system applications,conducted aerial surveys using drones,it quickly obtaines 2D Scene Image Models(SIM)of suspected illegal mines,which dynamically displays the full view and fine features of the mining area.It’s further established 3D Digital Elevation Models(DEM)for mines,which can qualitatively analyze the types and nature of illegal activities.A 3D Digital Surface Model(DSM)has been established for mines,which can quantitatively estimate the amount of illegal mining resources.Using the 4D Digital Surface Model(DSM)to calculate the illegal process of mining and the amount of resources illegally taken during the historical period of the mine.Drones aerial surveying technology provides strong theoretical support and important decision-making basis for administrative management of mineral resources.An example of conducting an experiment in a certain area in Jiangnan shows that this method and technology have advantages such as strong timeliness,convenient operation,precision and efficiency,and can be more widely applied in the field of supporting natural resource management and social services.

关 键 词：露天矿山 无人机 越界开采 监测评估 三维模型 

分 类 号：TD176[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]