早期佛教时间观的演进历程——以三世和三世法问题为中心  

The Evolution of the Early Buddhist View of Time:Centered on the Three Periods and the Dharma of Three Periods

作　　者：许潇[1] XU Xiao

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学学院宗教研究中心

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第1期48-58,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(17CZJ027)——说一切有部思想史研究。

摘　　要：过去、现在和未来三世是与佛教修行解脱密切相关的时间观念,它关涉已修和未修、已断和未断。早期佛教以三世和三世法问题为着力点讨论时间之于修行解脱的意义。特别是说一切有部通过对知识和对象外在性问题的讨论展开三世实有的知识论论证,继而又在对作用与功能的区分中完成三世实有的价值论证成。在论证过程中不断强化三世和三世法的同一性,强调三世相续流转乃是有为法建立之基础,而有为法则是无为法存在之前提,这就将三世问题与一切法实有更加紧密地联系起来。说一切有部对于以空间理解时间有着特殊的认识,主张时间、空间和概念三者通过其各自最小单位“刹那”“极微”“字”积聚而共同构成有为法。如此,则既不否定以空间理解时间的传统理路,又在相续和作用的过程中显豁出因果关系的本质。The view of time closely related to the Buddhist practice of liberation is the three periods of time,that is the past,present and future,which relates to practiced and unpracticed,broken and unbroken.The early Buddhism discussed the issue of the three periods of time and the dharma of three periods with the significance of time in practice and liberation as the focus.It is said that all parts of the knowledge and object externality through the discussion of the three periods of time exist(asti)epistemological demonstration,and then in the distinction of role and function to complete the three periods of time exist(asti)value of the argument.In the process of argumentation,the identity of the three periods of time and the dharma of three periods is constantly strengthened,emphasizing that the three periods of time is the basis of the establishment of the Samskrta-dharma,and the Samskrta-dharma is the premise of the existence of the Asamskrta-dharma.This links the question of the three periods of time more closely to dharma.It is said that Sarvastivada has a special understanding of time in terms of space.It holds that time,space and concept constitute Samskrta-dharma through the accumulation of their respective smallest units“instant”,“atom”and“word”.In this way,the traditional way of understanding time by space is not negated,but the essence of causality is clearly revealed in the process of continuity and action.

关 键 词：佛教 时间观 说一切有部 三世 因果 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]