重载机车102型钩缓装置动态模拟方法与动力学性能研究  

Simulation method and dynamic performances research of the heavy-haul locomotive and its 102-type coupler and draft gear

作　　者：张志超 吕凯凯 储高峰 齐红瑞 汪方文 ZHANG Zhichao;L Kaikai;CHU Gaofeng;QI Hongrui;WANG Fangwen(Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Technology Center,CRRC Datong Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [2]中车大同电力机车有限公司技术中心,山西大同037038

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第2期12-21,59,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2022J028,J2022J002)。

摘　　要：该研究结合试验数据提出了重载机车102型车钩缓冲装置受压动态响应的模拟方法,并研究了该机车及钩缓装置在双机重联牵引万吨列车编组下的动力学性能。基于102型钩缓装置结构特性与受压稳钩机理,采用加权离散方法将缓冲器简化为具有相同迟滞特性的多个阻抗力元,并引入剪切刚度来考虑其相互之间的剪切效应,提出了能够准确模拟钩肩止挡和缓冲器偏压特性的102型钩缓装置动力学建模方法;进而借助子结构方法搭建了“主控机车+重联机车+货车车辆+虚拟货列”的双机重联牵引万吨列车动力学模型,其中四节机车、货车车辆之间采用钩缓装置子结构连接;通过试验数据对比修正了钩缓装置模型中离散阻抗力元间的剪切刚度,并验证了所建列车动力学模型的正确性;计算分析了线路条件、结构参数、机车电制力等对系统动力学响应和运行安全性的影响规律。结果表明:重载机车在小半径曲线上施加大电制力容易引起异常增大的轮轴横向力,危及行车安全;随着车钩最大自由转角的增大,车钩偏转角和机车运行安全性指标均呈逐渐增大趋势;机车二系悬挂横向刚度增大有助于提高机车自身的受压稳定性和减小车钩偏转角,但过大横向刚度又会增大轮轨横向动态作用。A simulation method was proposed for the dynamic responses of the compressed 102-type coupler and draft gear based on test data,and then the dynamic performances of the heavy-haul locomotive and its 102-type coupler and draft gear for a 10000 t heavy-haul train with double locomotive traction marshalling were studied.Firstly,based on the structural characteristics and compression stability mechanism of the 102-type coupler and draft gear,the weighted discrete method was used to simplify the draft gear into multiple impedance force elements with the same hysteresis characteristics,and the shear stiffness was introduced to consider the shear effect between these impedance force elements.By this way,the dynamic model of the 102-type coupler and draft gear was established to simulate the one-side compressed characteristics of the coupler shoulder and draft gear accurately.And then the model of 10000 t train with the marshalling of“master locomotive+re-connected locomotive+freight vehicle+dummy freight train”was developed by using the substructure method.Then,the shear stiffness between the discrete impedance force elements was modified and confirmed and the train dynamic model was also verified by comparing the simulation results with the test data.Finally,the influences of track conditions,structural parameters and locomotive electrical braking forces on the train dynamics response and running safety were analysed.The results indicate that the large locomotive electric braking forces on small radius curves are very dangerous for the train running safety.With the increases of the coupler free angle and the lateral stiffness of locomotive secondary suspension,the coupler rotation angle and locomotive running safety index increase gradually,but too large lateral stiffness may strengthen the wheel-rail lateral interaction.

关 键 词：重载机车 102型钩缓装置 重载适应性 受压稳定性 机车电制力 

分 类 号：U260.34[机械工程—车辆工程] U260.11[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]