北京市2022—2023年甲型H3N2流感病毒流行特征与血凝素基因变异分析  

Epidemic characteristics and hemagglutinin gene variation of influenza A(H3N2)in Beijing,2022—2023

作　　者：赵佳琛[1] 刘医萌[1] 彭晓旻[1] 卢桂兰[1] 崔淑娟[1] 孙瑛[1] 张代涛[1] 石伟先[1] Zhao Jiachen;Liu Yimeng;Peng Xiaomin;Lu Guilan;Cui Shujuan;Sun Ying;Zhang Daitao;Shi Weixian(Institute of Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所,北京100013

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2023年第6期606-612,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

摘　　要：目的掌握2022—2023年北京市流感流行特征及甲型H3N2流感病毒血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因、抗原性变异情况,为北京市流感防控提供科学依据。方法对北京市2022年第14周至2023年第20周流感病原学监测结果进行统计分析,并选取不同时间、不同人群来源79株甲型H3N2流感病毒,通过HA基因扩增测序及抗原性分析实验,分析其基因变异和进化特征。结果 2022年第14周至2023年第20周,北京市流感病原学监测流感样病例咽拭子24 244份,检出流感病毒核酸阳性4 987份,其中甲型H3N2流感病毒2 749份,检出阳性率为11.34%。79株毒株中50株(63.29%)为疫苗株的低反应株,2022年8~11月毒株中94.44%为低反应株,2023年2~3月毒株中54.10%为低反应株,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.079,P=0.004)。79株甲型H3N2流感病毒HA基因序列与疫苗株A/Darwin/9/2021相比,核苷酸相似度为97.47%~98.47%,氨基酸相似度为97.05%~98.17%。基因进化分析显示2022年8~11月分离的18株毒株均分布在3C.2a1b.2a.1a.1分支,2023年2~3月分离的61株则均分布在3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1分支。与疫苗株相比存在多位点变异,分布于A、B、C、D、E多个抗原决定簇及受体结合位点处。所有毒株存在8NST、22NGT、38NAT、45NSS、63NCT、126NWT、133NGT、246NST、285NGS、483NET潜在的糖基化位点,1株毒株165NVT位点缺失;2023年2~3月的55株毒株122NES缺失。结论 2022年第14周至2023年第20周北京市监测到的甲型H3N2流感病毒HA基因位点多处发生变异,对该亚型变异的持续监测至关重要。Objective To characterize the epidemic of influenza in Beijing from 2022 to 2023 and the variation of gene and antigenicity of hemagglutinin(HA)of influenza A H3N2 virus,so as to provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Beijing.Methods Statistical analysis was carried out on the result of influenza pathogenic monitoring in Beijing from week 14,2022 to week 20,2023,and 79 strains of influenza A H3N2 virus were selected at different time and population sources,and their genetic variation and evolution characteristics were analyzed through HA gene amplification sequencing and antigenicity analysis.Results From week 14,2022 to week 20,2023,24244 throat swabs of influenza like cases were collected in Beijing,and 4987 influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases were detected,including 2749 influenza A H3N2 positive cases,with a detection rate of 11.34%.Among the 79 strains,50 strains(63.29%)showed low response,94.44%of the strains from August to November 2022 had low response,and 54.10%of the strains from February to March 2023 had low response,with a statistically significant difference(χ2=8.079,P=0.004).Compared with the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021,the HA gene sequence of 79 strains of influenza A H3N2 showed nucleotide similarity of 97.47%to 98.47%and amino acid similarity of 97.05%to 98.17%.Genetic evolution analysis showed that the 18 strains isolated from August to November 2022 were all distributed in the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a.1 branch,while the 61 strains isolated from February to March 2023 all belonged to the 3C.2a1b.2a.3a.1 branch.Compared with the vaccine strain,there were multiple site mutations distributed at multiple antigenic determinants and receptor binding sites in A,B,C,D,and E.All strains had potential glycosylation sites of 8NST,22NGT,38NAT,45NSS,63NCT,126NWT,133NGT,246NST,285NGS,483NET,while one strain missed 165NVT glycosylation sites;55 strains between February and March 2023 missed 122NES glycosylation sites.Conclusions The HA gene locus of influenza A H3N2 virus detected i

关 键 词：甲型H3N2流感病毒 基因变异 进化分析 抗原变异 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]