美国高中特殊学生辍学的现状、影响因素及应对措施  

The Current Status,Influencing Factors,and Countermeasures of Special Student Dropouts in U.S.High Schools

作　　者：万雨 王聪 朱楠[1] WAN Yu;WANG Cong;ZHU Nan(College of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第11期9-16,24,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学青年课题“高质量视域下融合教育巡回指导教师专业发展的机制与路径研究”(课题批准号:CHA210265)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：推进高质量发展是世界各国特殊教育改革的主要目标。美国是较早关注和实践融合教育的国家之一。在推进融合教育的过程中,高中特殊学生辍学问题凸显,主要表现为辍学比例明显高于普通学生,且男生高于女生;各障碍类别辍学人数与教育服务人数显著相关;特殊学生辍学率因障碍类型而异。为此,美国通过预警系统的建构和实施、课程教学的建设和调整、社交项目的应用和推广、家校伙伴关系的建设等措施来改善高中特殊学生辍学问题。基于美国的经验,我国可开发实时有效的辍学预警系统,提供个性化的学业支持,构建积极友好的校园支持环境,设立双向融合的家校共育平台,共同推进高质量的特殊教育和融合教育体系建设。Promoting high-quality development is the major goal of special education reform countries around the world,among which the United States is the ones to focus on and practice inclusive education.The dropout problem of special students in high schools is highlighted in the process of promotion,which is mainly manifested in the fact that the percentage of dropout is significantly higher than that of ordinary students,and male students are higher than female students;the number of dropouts in each category of impairment is significantly correlated with the number of people served by the education service;and the dropout rate of special students varies according to the type of impairment.For this reason,the United States has improved the situation through the construction and implementation of an early warning system,the construction and adjustment of curriculum and teaching,the application and promotion of social programs,and the construction of home-school partnerships.Based on the U.S.experience,China should develop a real-time and effective dropout early warning system,provide personalized academic support,build a positive and friendly campus support environment,and set up a two-way inclusive home-school co-education platform,so as to jointly push forward the construction of a high-quality special education and inclusive education system.

关 键 词：美国 高中特殊学生 辍学 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]