道义追求的困境:卡特政府人权外交与美菲军事基地谈判  

The Dilemma of Moral Aspirations:The Carter Administration's Policy on Military Bases in the Philippines

作　　者：高艳杰 杨金璐 GAO Yanjie;YANG Jinlu(Center for Southeast Asia Studies/Research School for Southeast Asian Studies,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学国际关系学院/南洋研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期95-108,共14页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大基地项目“美国政府对东盟认知的历史嬗变及其对印太战略的影响研究”(22JSJD810019)。

摘　　要：卡特时期美国与菲律宾的军事基地谈判,是后越战时代影响美菲关系的重要事务和牵扯美国在东南亚核心利益的关键问题,同时也是检验美国“人权外交”效力的试验域场。在东南亚,卡特政府以人权问题迫使作为“民主橱窗”的菲律宾改善国内政治环境,却受到美菲军事基地谈判和传统安全利益的束缚。人权目标与军事安全目标的抵牾,导致卡特政府在军事基地谈判的政策上摇摆不定。20世纪70年代末期,随着苏越同盟、柬越战争所带来的地缘政治压力,美国政府决策层强调人权优先的呼声日益式微。在经历了围绕人权原则的内部争论,以及与国会的政治博弈后,美国对菲政策事实上重新回归传统安全轨道。卡特政府试图通过人权外交来重新诠释美国的对外政策,但在对菲关系上未能成功调和道义追求与传统冷战利益之间的矛盾。During the Carter administration,negotiations over military bases in the Philippines emerged as a critical issue that significantly impacted US-Philippines relations in the post-Vietnam War era.This issue also became a litmus test for the efficacy of US human rights diplomacy.The Carter administration sought to leverage human rights concerns to compel the Philippines,which was often presented as a“showcase of democracy”,to improve its domestic political environment.However,these efforts were constrained by the entanglement of negotiations over military bases and traditional security interests in Southeast Asia.The inherent contradiction between the human rights agenda and military security objectives led to wavering policies within the Carter administration regarding the base negotiations.By the late 1970s,as geopolitical pressures stemming from events like the Sino-Vietnamese alliance and the Cambo⁃dian-Vietnamese War intensified,the prioritization of human rights over military security objectives began to diminish within the US government.After undergoing internal government debates centered on human rights principles and engaging in political maneuvering with Congress,the Carter administration essentially reverted to a traditional security-oriented policy towards the Philippines.The Cart⁃er administration attempted to redefine US foreign policy through human rights diplomacy,but it struggled to reconcile the moral aspi⁃rations of such diplomacy with the imperatives of traditional Cold War interests in its relationship with the Philippines.

关 键 词：卡特政府 人权外交 军事基地 美菲关系 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学] D819[历史地理—世界史]