不同砧木对欧李嫁接成活及果实品质的影响  

Influence of Different Rootstock-Scion Combinations on the Grafting Survival Rate and Fruit Quality of Prumus humilis

作　　者：徐美隆 乔改霞[2] 刘玉娟[2] 王荣 谢军[2] 马龙 XU Meilong;QIAO Gaixia;LIU Yujuan;WANG Rong;XIE Jun;MA Long(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;State Key Laboratory of the Seedling Bioengineering,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750004;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]种苗生物工程国家重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第12期2503-2509,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02027)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同砧木对欧李(Prumus humilis)嫁接成活率及果实品质的影响,本研究以欧李自根苗为对照,对比分析了3种砧木(长柄扁桃、毛樱桃、山杏)嫁接欧李的成活率、根癌病发病率和果实品质性状差异,并通过主成分分析对不同砧穗组合和自根苗进行综合评价。结果表明,欧李/长柄扁桃的嫁接成活率为87.33%,且移栽三年后的成活率为98.00%。不同砧木嫁接欧李的根癌病发病率为0,而欧李自根苗的根癌病发病率为18.41%。与自根苗相比,嫁接苗的单株产量和果实可滴定酸含量有所下降,但其他果实品质得到提升,其中,欧李/长柄扁桃的单果重、果实横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、花色苷含量等最高,欧李/毛樱桃的果实钙含量和锌含量最高,欧李/山杏的果实固酸比、类黄酮含量和铁含量最高。利用主成分分析对不同砧穗组合和自根苗的嫁接成活率和果实品质性状进行综合评价,欧李/长柄扁桃D值为0.746,综合评价排名第一。综上,嫁接可以降低欧李的根癌病发病率,改变其果实品质,以长柄扁桃为砧木嫁接的欧李综合性状最佳。本研究结果可为欧李嫁接苗的推广提供数据支持。This study investigated the influence of different rootstock-scion combinations on the grafting survival rate and fruit quality of P.humilis.Thus,the survival rate,rate of crown gall and fruit quality of P.humilis grafted with three rootstocks(i.e.,Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall,Cerasus tomentosa(Thunb.)Wall,and Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam)were compared using principal component analysis(PCA).The self-rooted P.humilis seedlings was used as the control.Results showed that the grafting survival rate of P.humilis/Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall was 87.33%,and the value was 98.00%after three years.The incidence of crown gall in different rootstock-scion combinations was 0,but it was found at 18.41%in the control sample.Compared with the self-rooted seedlings of Prumus humilis,the yield of per grafted seedling and the titrable acid contents of fruit were significantly reduced,but the other indexes of fruit quality were improved.Among all groups,the P.humilis/A.pcdunculata Pall group had the highest single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,soluble solid content,soluble sugar content and anthocyanin content,the P.humilis/Cerasus tomentosa(Thunb.)Wall group had the highest calcium and zinc content,and the P.humilis/Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam group had the highest Flavonoid content,TSS/TA and iron content.Finally,P.humilis/A.pcdunculata Pall group gained the highest D-value score of 0.746 based on PCA analysis.In conclusion,grafting can reduce the incidence of crown gall and change the fruit quality of P.humilis.Among the different rootstock-scion combinations,P.humilis/A.pcdunculata Pall possessed the best characters.

关 键 词：欧李 嫁接 嫁接成活率 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]