创造力与精神分裂症谱系的共享易感关系:人格、认知和神经生物学研究  

The shared vulnerability relationship between creativity and the schizophrenia spectrum:Personality,cognition,and neurobiological research

作　　者：李兆卿 姚海娟[2] 张环 许有云[3] LI Zhaoqing;YAO Haijuan;ZHANG Huan;XU Youyun(Changzhou Zhengxing Secondary School,Changzhou 213000;School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134;School of Teacher Education,Nanjing XiaoZhuang University,Nanjing 211171;School of Public Administration,Wuhu Institute of Technology,Wuhu 241000)

机构地区：[1]江苏省常州市正行中学,常州213000 [2]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134 [3]南京晓庄学院教师教育学院,南京211171 [4]芜湖职业技术学院公共管理学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《心理研究》2024年第1期3-14,共12页Psychological Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19YJCZH207);安徽省高校学科(专业)拔尖人才学术资助项目(gxbjZD69);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2017A551)。

摘　　要：高创造力人群是否更容易罹患精神分裂症谱系疾病是研究者们一直关注的热点。研究发现,创造力与精神分裂症存在倒U型关系,共享易感模型可以帮助解释二者的关系。具体来说,精神质、分裂型人格等是创造力与精神分裂症谱系障碍相关联的人格特质,过度包容性思维和低认知抑制是二者相关联的认知加工特征。二者相关联的脑结构包括前脑灰质体积的减少、额下白质纤维FA值的降低以及扣带回皮质结构的变异;脑功能的相似性包括额叶及扣带回的明显激活、默认模式网络的活跃、大脑半球不对称性下降。多基因风险评分(PRS)表明创造力与精神分裂症之间有显著的基因重叠,受体分子主要涉及多巴胺系统的基因多态性和5羟色胺系统基因等。未来研究应对特定的认知机制和神经科学机制进行更深入的探索,拓展创造力的领域和创造力测量工具的选取,加强探索创造力活动对精神分裂症患者的康复干预计划,并结合中国国情做进一步研究、完善和修正。Whether high creative people are more likely to suffer from schizophrenia spectrum diseases is a research hotspot.There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between creativity and schizophrenia,and the shared vulnerability modelcan help explain the relationship between them.Specifically,psychoticism and schizotypy are the personality traits associated with creativity in schizophrenic pedigree disorder.Excessive inclusive thinking and low cognitive inhibition may be the cognitive processing characteristics associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and creativity.The related brain structures include the decrease of forebrain gray matter volume,the decrease of FA value of subfrontal white matter fibers and the variation of cingulate cortex structure;The similarity of brain function includes the obvious activation of frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus,the activity of Default Mode Network and the decrease of cerebral hemisphere asymmetry.Polygenic risk score(PRS)showed that there is significant positive gene overlap between creativity and schizophrenia.The receptor molecules involve gene polymorphism of dopamine system and serotonin system gene.Future research should further focus on specific cognitive mechanism and neuroscience mechanism,expand the field of creativity and the selection of creativity measurement tools,strengthen the exploration of the rehabilitation intervention plan of schizophrenic patients with creativity activities,and carry out further research,improvement and revision according to the actual situation of China.

关 键 词：精神分裂症谱系 精神分裂症 创造力 分裂型人格 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]