视听知觉训练对老年人认知能力的促进及其机制  

The facilitation effect of audiovisual perceptual training on the cognitive ability in older adults and its mechanisms

作　　者：杨伟平 李睿智[1] 李胜楠 林金飞 任艳娜 YANG Weiping;LI Ruizhi;LI Shengnan;LIN jinfei;REN Yanna(Department of Psychology,Faculty of Education,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,Okayama University,Okayama 700-8530,Japan;Department of Psychology,College of Humanities and Management,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Brain and Cognition Research Center(BCRC),Faculty of Education,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学教育学院心理学系,武汉430062 [2]日本国立冈山大学健康系统统合研究院,冈山700-8530 [3]贵州中医药大学人文与管理学院心理学,贵阳550025 [4]湖北大学教育学院脑与认知研究中心,武汉430062

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第2期318-329,I0007-I0011,共17页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260198;31700973;31800932)。

摘　　要：老年人的视力和听力随年龄增加而显著下降,视觉和听觉感知训练可一定程度改善认知能力。在老年人群体中,跨视听通道信息相互作用存在促进和补偿效应,以缓解单一感觉通道知觉能力的下降。老年人跨视听通道知觉训练主要聚焦视听敏感性,即视听绑定窗口。结果表明知觉训练显著缩小视听绑定窗口,提高大脑对视听刺激的神经加工效率,体现了跨通道训练优势。未来研究应设计精准高效的跨视听通道知觉训练方案,靶向性增强老年人视听整合能力及其补偿效应的脑机制,为知觉干预产品的开发提供科学依据与新视角,对提高老年人认知功能和身心健康具有重要现实意义。Older adults experience a significant decline in vision and hearing with aging,but the visual and auditory perceptual training has shown potential for improving cognitive functions to some extent.Studies have revealed that audiovisual cross-modal interactions have a compensatory and facilitative effect to alleviate the decreased perceptual ability of single-modality in older adults.Audiovisual perceptual training in older adults primarily focuses on audiovisual sensitivity,namely the audiovisual temporal binding window.The results indicate that perceptual training significantly narrows the temporal binding window,enhancing the brain’s neural processing efficiency for audiovisual stimuli,and demonstrating the advantages of cross-modal training.Future research should design precise and efficient audiovisual perceptual training programs,leading to targeted enhancement in the audiovisual integration ability and elucidating neural mechanisms underlying compensatory effects in older adults.This will provide a scientific basis and new perspectives for the development of perceptual intervention products,which holds significant practical implications for improving cognitive functions and physical and mental health in older adults.

关 键 词：知觉训练 老年人 视听整合 促进作用 增强效应 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]