技术要素市场发展与技能工资溢价扩大--兼论对扎实推进共同富裕的启示  

The Technology Market Development and the Expansion of Skill Wage Premium:On the Inspiration of Solidly Promoting Common Prosperity

作　　者：廖直东 代法涛 LIAO Zhi-dong;DAI Fa-tao(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Guangdong University of Economics and Finance,Guangzhou 510320,China;School of Economics,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学财政税务学院,广州510320 [2]河南财经政法大学经济学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《西北人口》2024年第1期87-97,共11页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“地方财政压力对区域创新体系效能的影响研究”(GD23XYJ10)。

摘　　要：在我国基尼系数持续高于国际警戒线的收入分配格局下,技术要素市场发展是否扩大技能工资溢价值得深入研究。在分析技术要素市场发展对创新影响的基础上,从技术要素供给端和需求端两个方面剖析技术要素市场发展引致劳动力需求发生结构性变化的机理,进而研究技术要素市场发展扩大技能溢价的理论逻辑。理论分析表明,技术要素市场发展可以破除创新价值链各阶段间的梗阻,促进创新体系内各类参与主体间的良性互动,促进创新活动,进而在技术要素供给端和需求端同时对技能溢价产生扩大效应。具体而言,技术要素市场发展能够促进技术要素的价值实现、增加创新劳动需求和提升创新劳动生产率,进而提高创新劳动者工资水平,不仅如此,技术要素市场发展还能够促使技能偏向型技术进步,进而引起高技能劳动需求的相对增长和高技能劳动生产率的提高,这都将扩大高技能劳动者平均工资与低技能劳动者平均工资间的差距。基于2004~2019年省级面板数据的经验分析证实了技术要素市场发展对技能溢价的扩大效应。这意味着,为了实现共同富裕,在深入推进技术要素市场化配置改革的同时,尤其要注重改革的系统性、整体性和协同性,应该进一步完善教育体制机制,积极维护机会公平,缩小数字鸿沟。研究结果为深入实施创新驱动发展战略、促进经济高质量发展和扎实推进共同富裕提供了政策视野。Under the situation that China's Gini coefficient continues to be higher than the international warning line,it is worth further studying whether the development of technology market will expand the skill wage premium.After an-alyzing the impact of the technology market development on innovation,this paper analyzes the mechanism of structur-al changes in labor demand caused by the technology market development from both the supply side and the demand side,and further elucidates the theoretical logic of the expansion of the skill premium.Theoretical analysis shows that the technology market development can break down barriers between different stages of the innovation value chain,pro-mote benign interaction among various participating entities in the innovation system,promote innovation activities and then expand the skill premium from both the supply and demand side of the technology market.The development of technology market can promote the realization of the value of technological factors,increase the demand for innovative labor and enhance the productivity of innovative labor,thereby improving the wage level of innovative workers,in addi-tion,the development of technology market can also promote the technological progress of skill orientation,which will lead to the relative growth of the demand for high skilled labor and the improvement of the productivity of high skilled labor.Ultimately,this will widen the gap between the average wage of high skilled workers and that of low skilled work-ers.Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data from 2004 to 2019 confirmed the expanding effect of technology market development on skill premium.This means that while further promoting the market-oriented allocation reform of technological factors,we need to pay attention to the systematicness,integrity and coordination of the reform.We should further improve the education system,actively maintain the equality of opportunity,and narrow the digital di-vide.The research findings provide a policy perspective for the imp

关 键 词：技术市场发展 技能溢价 工资 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]