论公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的认定  

On the Identification of the Minor Procedural Defects of Company Resolutions

作　　者：吴维锭 Wu Weiding

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第1期37-54,共18页Law and Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学2021年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果。

摘　　要：裁量驳回规则的引入意味着轻微的程序瑕疵不会导致决议被撤销,但对于程序瑕疵轻微的认定,争议较大,存在相关性说、潜在影响说和表决权比例说等观点。问题的回答应当回归公司决议程序的历史缘起、理论基础和功能。公司决议程序缘起于政治民主领域,是对政治决议程序的迁移和模仿。政治决议程序以商谈和对话为核心,旨在构建理性商谈环境。理性商谈环境本质上则意味着观点和理由具有在参会成员间自由形成和自由交换的可能性。所以,公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的判断应以瑕疵是否实质影响公司决议程序意欲构造的理性商谈环境为标准,即是否破坏观点和理由在参会成员间自由形成和自由交换的可能性。程序瑕疵可通过公司自动补正和成员认可而被治愈。公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的举证责任应当倒置。应当统一解释“轻微瑕疵”和“对决议未产生实质影响”。应当将程序瑕疵的范围从“召集程序”和“表决方式”类推解释至“议事程序”。The introduction of discretionary rejection rule means that resolutions with minor procedural defects would not be voidable. But the identification of minor procedural defects is controversial, and there are opinions including relevance theory, potential influence theory, voting proportion theory and so on. The right answer should be premised upon the historical origin, theoretical foundation and function of the procedure of company resolutions. The company resolution procedure originates from political democracy and is modeled on the political resolution procedure. The political resolution procedure is predicated on deliberation and dialogue and aims at constructing rational deliberation environment. Rational deliberation environment means the possibility that opinions and reasons can be formed and flow freely among qualified meeting members. Therefore, the identification of minor procedural defects should be based on the impact on the rational deliberation environment offered by resolution procedures. In other words, whether the possibility of free formation and communication of opinions and reasons among eligible meeting members has been destroyed. Procedural defects could be restored by the corporate rectification and members' consent. The proving liability should be reversed. The minor defect is synonymous with no substantial impact on resolutions. The scope of procedural defects should be broadened by analogy from the convocation procedure and voting method to deliberation procedure.

关 键 词：公司决议 程序瑕疵 组织学习 商谈 裁量驳回 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]