中药材种子鉴别技术研究进展  

Methods for Identifying Seeds of Chinese Medicinal Materials:A Review

作　　者：刘志浩 查良平 罗丽 赵玉洋 李晓琳[1] 袁媛[1] LIU Zhihao;ZHA Liangping;LUO Li;ZHAO Yuyang;LI Xiaolin;YUAN Yuan(National Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [2]中国药科大学中药学院,南京211198 [3]安徽中医药大学药学院,合肥230012 [4]广东药科大学中药学院,广州510006

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第4期1-11,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0205100);中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目(C12021A041);国家科技性基础资源调查项目(2018FY100800);青年岐黄学者项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZXT202001)。

摘　　要：种子是中药材生产的源头。中药材种子的真伪、优劣直接影响到药材的有效性和安全性。中药材种子质量参差不齐,存在种源混杂、真伪混淆、陈种新卖、成熟度和净度低等问题。为保证中药产业高质量、可持续发展,亟需对中药材种子进行鉴别和质量评价,对中药材种子市场进行规范。种子鉴别的方法包括性状鉴别、显微鉴别、微性状鉴别、化学指纹图谱鉴别、分子鉴别及电子鼻、X射线衍射法、电化学指纹图谱鉴别、光谱成像与人工智能识别技术等新兴技术。各类鉴别方法的应用范围及其优缺点各有不同,根据中药材种子品种不同、检测场所要求不同,可选择合适的鉴别方法,以实现鉴别准确、时间和经济成本降低的目标。未来中药材种子鉴别技术发展的方向应基于各项快速发展的新兴技术,开展学科交叉融合,朝着智能化、无损化、单粒检测的方向发展,以满足现代中药产业的需求。该文对目前科研和生产中应用的种子鉴别技术进行系统总结,对不同技术的原理、适用范围和优缺点进行比较,同时对未来种子鉴别技术的发展前景进行展望,以期为中药材种子鉴别及质量评价提供参考。Seeds are the source for the production of Chinese medicinal materials.The seed authenticity and quality of directly affect the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal materials.The seed quality is faced with the problems such as mixed sources,existence of adulterants and seeds stocked for years,low maturity,and low purity.To ensure the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal material industry,it is urgent to standardize the seed market and identify and evaluate the quality of the seeds circulating in the market.Seed identification methods include visual inspection,microscopic observation,microcharacter identification,chemical fingerprinting,molecular identification,electronic nose,X-ray diffraction,electrochemical fingerprinting,spectral imaging,and artificial intelligence.These methods have different application scopes and unique advantages and disadvantages.According to the different species of Chinese herbal medicines and different requirements of testing sites,suitable methods can be selected to achieve rapid and accurate identification with low costs.In the future,the seed identification methods should be developed based on emerging technologies with interdisciplinary knowledge,and intelligent,nondestructive,and single-grain detection methods are needed for the modern Chinese medicinal material industry.This paper introduces the seed identification technologies currently applied in research and production,compares the principles,applicability,advantages,and disadvantages of different technologies,and provides an outlook on the future development of seed identification technologies,aiming to provide a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of seeds of Chinese medicinal material.

关 键 词：中药材种子 传统鉴别 分子鉴别 化学指纹图谱 电子鼻 光谱鉴别 人工智能 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R289[医药卫生—中医学] R287R22R2-031