经典名方中白及的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Bletillae Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：赵丹 周涛 罗朝磊 甘德卫 刘灵玲 康传志 吴之坤 李旭 付艳 曹国琼 张永萍 肖承鸿 詹志来 ZHAO Dan;ZHOU Tao;LUO Chaolei;GAN Dewei;LIU Lingling;KANG Chuanzhi;WU Zhikun;LI Xu;FU Yan;CAO Guoqiong;ZHANG Yongping;XIAO Chenghong;ZHAN Zhilai(Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学,贵阳550025 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第4期77-88,共12页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-贵州省人民政府联合项目(U1812403);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03905);贵州省高等学校分子生药学重点实验室项目[黔教技(2022)021号]。

摘　　要：通过查阅古代本草、方书、医籍和近现代文献资料,对白及名称、基原、学名演变、产地变迁、质量评价、采收加工及炮制等进行系统整理与考证,以期为含白及药材经典名方的开发和利用提供依据。考证结果表明,历代本草多以“白及”为正名,部分学者习惯以“白芨”为正名,另有“白给”“白根”“白苙”等多个别名;历代主流来源为兰科植物白及Bletilla striata的块茎;药材品质以“身干、个大、色白、质坚、无须根、外皮去尽者”为佳,随着野生变家种的推广,其性状与野生药材存在一定差异,品质评价指标应作相应调整;历代白及著录产地较广,近代以贵州、四川所产量大质佳;采收期多在春秋两季,以秋季为佳;产地加工与炮制工艺较为简单,古代多鲜用或以粉末入药,现代则以切片生用为主。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中选用兰科植物白及Bletilla striata的块茎,统一规范书写为“白及”,原方注明炮制要求的根据要求操作,未注明炮制要求的可以生品入药。In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma,this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name,origin,harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica,prescription books,medical books and modern literature.The research results showed that Baij(i白及)was the main name,some scholars took Baiji(白芨)as its main name,and there were many other names such as Baiji(白给),Baigen(白根),Baij(i白苙).The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata,and drying,large,white,solid,root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards.With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials,there were certain differences between their traits,and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly.The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed,with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times.The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn,and harvested in autumn was better.The processing and processing technology is relatively simple,and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties,while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times.Based on the results,it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas,and it should be uniformly written as Baij(i白及).And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing,it should be operated according to the requirement,if the requirement of processing is not indicated,it can be used in raw form as medicine.

关 键 词：白及 本草考证 基原 学名 产地 品质评价 采收与炮制 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R931[医药卫生—中医学] R28[文化科学—图书馆学] G254