2023年汛期我国主要天气气候特征  

The main characteristics of weather and climate in China during the flood season in 2023

作　　者：孙林海[1] 竺夏英[1] 李威[1] 艾婉秀[1] 姜允迪[1] 曾红玲[1] SUN Linhai;ZHU Xiaying;LI Wei;AI Wanxiu;JIANG Yundi;ZENG Hongling(National Climate Center,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2024年第1期8-13,共6页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3206001、2018YFC150706);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J071);国家自然科学基金(U2342209、42175078)。

摘　　要：利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的气象观测数据,对2023年汛期(3月24日至11月16日)我国的天气气候特征进行了综合分析。结果表明,2023年汛期,我国气候状况总体偏差,呈现暖干特征,涝旱灾害明显。2023年汛期,全国平均降水量为2012年以来同期第2少(仅多于2022年同期),平均气温为历史同期第2高(仅低于2022年同期)。华北、东北、华南等地暴雨洪涝灾害重;华北和黄淮地区高温日数多、极端性强;西南地区春秋干旱明显;初台偏晚,登陆台风影响重。A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the weather and climate characteristics of China during the flood season(March 24th to November 16th)using meteorological observation data provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration.The result indicate that the overall climate conditions in China during the 2023 flood season is worse than normal with heavy drought and flood disasters under a warm and dry climate background.The cumulated precipitation during the flood season in 2023 is the second lowest since 2012(only higher than the same period in 2022),and the average temperature is the second highest in historical records(only lower than the same period in 2022).Serious rainstorms and floods occurred in North China,Northeast China and South China.The number of high temperature days in North China and the Huanghuai region are much more than normal with frequent extreme events.The Southwest region experienced significant drought in spring and autumn.Though the date of first typhoon landing China is later than normal,and the landed typhoons made a serious impact on China.

关 键 词：气温 降水 气候特征 气象灾害 2023年汛期 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]