基于隧道照度因素的车辆跟驰模型研究  

Research on Vehicle Following Model Based on Tunnel Illumination Factors

作　　者：王睿爽 白翰[1] 赵亮[1] 王修光 WANG Ruishuang;BAI Han;ZHAO Liang;WANG Xiuguang(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Shandong Jiaotong University,Jinan 250357,China;Shandong Zhengqu Traffic Engineering Co.,Ltd,Jinan 250001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院,济南250357 [2]山东正衢交通工程有限公司,济南250001

出　　处：《交通工程》2024年第1期55-60,74,共7页Journal of Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52102412).

摘　　要：为研究隧道环境下车辆的跟驰特性,通过实车试验获得高速公路隧道路段的照度值、车头时距,总结隧道段的照度变化规律,分析照度变化对车辆安全时距的影响作用.以照度变化率为指标,建立照度变化率与车辆安全时距的函数关系模型,基于该模型计算得到的安全时距数据,结合隧道不同区段的照度变化规律对车辆安全时距进行分段拟合,最后根据所拟合的分段函数改进了智能驾驶员跟驰模型(Intelligent Diver Model,IDM),将原模型中的静态安全时距修订为能体现隧道环境下车辆行驶状态变化的动态变量.通过仿真试验所输出的车辆速度检测结果表明,原模型在车辆进入隧道过程中车速从29 m/s减小至24 m/s,随着驾驶员暗适应阶段结束车速逐渐增加至29 m/s且趋于稳定;改进后的跟驰模型在车辆进入隧道过程中车速从29 m/s减小至20 m/s,随着隧道内部照度逐渐稳定,车速稳定在隧道路段限速值附近,在车辆驶出隧道后车速逐渐增加直至趋于稳定,改进后的跟驰模型能符合实际高速公路隧道段的车速阶段性的变化特征.In order to study the following characteristics of vehicles in tunnel environment,the illumination value and headway of expressway tunnel section are obtained by real vehicle test,the illumination change law of tunnel section is summarized,and the influence of illumination change on the minimum safe time distance of vehicles is analyzed.Taking illumination change rate as an index,a functional relationship model between illumination change rate and minimum safe time distance of vehicles is established.Based on the minimum safe time distance data calculated by the model,combined with the illumination variation law of different sections of the tunnel,the minimum safe time distance of vehicles is fitted by sections.Finally,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)is improved according to the fitted piecewise function,and the static safety time interval in the original model is revised to a dynamic variable which can reflect the change of vehicle driving state in tunnel environment.The test results show that the vehicle speed of the original model decreases from 29 m/s to 24 m/s when the vehicle enters the tunnel,and gradually increases to 29 m/s and tends to be stable with the end of the driver's dark adaptation phase.The vehicle speed of the improved following model is reduced from 29 m/s to 20 m/s when the vehicle enters the tunnel.With the gradual stabilization of illumination in the tunnel,the vehicle speed is stable near the speed limit value of the tunnel section,and gradually increases until it tends to be stable after the vehicle leaves the tunnel.The improved following model can accord with the change characteristics of the actual highway tunnel speed in stages.

关 键 词：交通运输系统工程 高速公路隧道 照度 动态安全时距 跟驰模型 交通仿真 

分 类 号：U491.26[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]