咸阳塔儿坡秦国墓地结构与族属研究  

On the Taerpo Qin State Cemetery Structure and ethnic group

作　　者：彭军超 袁俊杰[1] PENG Junchao;YUAN Junjie

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,开封475000

出　　处：《中原文物》2023年第6期75-81,共7页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“应国墓地礼乐制度研究”(批准号:14BKG012);河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心重大项目“黄河流域诸侯国墓地丧葬制度研究”(批准号:2020M23)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：塔儿坡秦国墓地是一处在战国晚期至秦代形成的国人墓地,墓地内至少埋葬三支秦人族群及其家族与外来移民。其墓葬布局反映了不同族属的秦人与外来移民以个人、个体家庭或小型家族共葬于同一区组之内的地缘性墓地结构与社会组织形态。导致地缘性墓地结构形成的原因与秦国实行的什伍之制与析户政策相关。统治者将不同族属的人群分散编制于乡里等地域组织内,使同宗异地异里而居而葬,进而淡化血缘关系,以达到削弱宗族势力之目的,这与战国中期以后秦国社会剧烈变革的大趋势相吻合。The Taerpo Qin State Cemetery started during the late Warring States period and continued through the Qin Dynasty. It served as the final resting place for multiple branches of the Qin ethnic group,their families, and immigrants. The arrangement of burials within the cemetery reflects the geographical burial structure and social organization of the Qin people, where individuals, individual families, or small families from different ethnic groups and immigrants were interred together in the same area. The formation of this cemetery's geopolitical structure can be attributed to the Shiwu system and household analysis policy implemented by the Qin State. Rulers strategically dispersed individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds into various townships and regional organizations. Consequently, members of the same clans lived and were buried in different locations. This deliberate dispersion aimed to dilute blood relationships and weaken clan power,aligning with the significant societal changes that occurred in Qin society during the middle of the Warring States period.

关 键 词：塔儿坡秦国墓地 秦人族群 外来移民 墓地结构 地缘组织 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K233[历史地理—历史学] K231