日本蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖业发展战略分析及对我国的启示  

An analysis on development strategy of bluefin tuna aquaculture in Japan and its enlightenment to China

作　　者：张溢卓 杨子江[1] 于书洲 ZHANG Yi-zhuo;YANG Zi-jiang;YU Shu-zhou(Fishery Development Strategy&Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业发展战略研究中心,北京100141

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第9期2811-2820,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2023A005)

摘　　要：【目的】借鉴日本蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖业发展经验,为推动我国金枪鱼养殖业发展,探索强化我国高经济价值水产品供给能力及相关鼓励政策制定提供参考。【方法】梳理国际蓝鳍金枪鱼供需情况,分析日本主导蓝鳍金枪鱼市场的内因和具体路径,运用战略研究方法厘清日本科技助力产业发展的系列举措。【结果】日本是世界主要金枪鱼养殖基地之一,也是最早开发蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖技术的国家,截至2022年日本有88个经营主体、187个养殖场和1379个养殖网箱,年产量达21460 t。日本通过产出制度、科技创新、种业提升和出口中国等战略,主导蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖产业全球供需对接,提高了日本蓝鳍金枪鱼国际话语权,推进了沿岸渔村振兴。“十四五”时期,我国将发展蓝鳍金枪鱼产业定位为战略性新兴产业,系统打造金枪鱼全产业链新业态。中国水产科学研究院积极拓展深远海养殖空间,在黄鳍金枪鱼养殖方面积累了一定经验,正在全力推进蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖业发展,近几年南海金枪鱼养殖技术取得突破进展。【建议】我国应在海南、广东和浙江等现有国家级海洋牧场示范区利用现有科技和蓝鳍金枪鱼生息水域等优势;应进一步加大国际科技创新合作与交流,推动中日共同开发蓝鳍金枪鱼消费市场。建立健全与国际渔业管理规则相适应的管理制度,完善蓝鳍金枪鱼管理法规和政策措施,出台系列配套政策保驾护航。【Objective】To learn from the experience of Japan bluefin tuna aquaculture industry,which could prowide reference for promoting the development of bluefin tuna aquaculture in China,strengthening the supply capacity of China’s high-value aquatic products and formulating relevant incentive policies.【Method】This paper combed supply and demand of bluefin tuna in the world,analyzed the internal causes and specific paths of Japan’s leading role in bluefin tuna marketing,and used strategic research methods to clarify the series of research and development measures taken by Japan to promote development of the industry.【Result】Japan is one of the major tuna breeding bases in the world,and it is one of the earliest countries to develop bluefin tuna breeding technology.In 2022,Japan had 88 business entities,187 farms,and 1379 breeding cages,with an annual output of 21460 t.Through strategies such as output system,technologi-cal innovation,seed industry improvement,and export to China,Japan has led the global supply and demand docking of the industry,enhanced the international discourse power of Japanese bluefin tuna,and promoted the revitalization of coastal fishing villages.During the“Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”period,the bluefin tuna industry is positioned as a strate-gic emerging industry.China has been systematically building a new business model for the entire tuna industry chain.The Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences has been actively expanding the deep and distant sea aquaculture space,and has accumulated certain experience in yellow fin tuna aquaculture.At the same time,it has been fully promoting the deve-lopment of bluefin tuna aquaculture.In recent years,breakthroughs have been made in tuna aquaculture in the South China Sea.【Suggestion】In Hainan,Guangdong,Zhejiang and other existing national marine ranch demonstration areas,China has taken advantages of existing technology and waters where bluefin tuna live to promote the development of Bluefin tuna.China should further increase internatio

关 键 词：蓝鳍金枪鱼 养殖业 战略分析 启示 日本 

分 类 号：S937.3[农业科学—渔业资源] F326.4[农业科学—水产科学]