面向江豚生境需求的长江干流(铜陵段)生态流量过程研究  

Environmental flow process for the habitat demands of finless porpoise in the Tongling section of Yangtze River

作　　者：杨薇 董伟萍[1] 丁杰伟 谢湉 YANG Wei;DONG Wei-ping;DING Jie-wei;XIE Tian(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第1期71-80,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2023YFC3209003);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079006)资助。

摘　　要：长江江豚是长江水生态系统健康的重要指示物种,满足其生境需求的生态流量过程是长江干流生态需水研究的关键。为科学明确保障长江江豚适宜生境的流量需求,采用水文改变指标法和变化范围法评价长江干流(铜陵段)水文情势变化。以水深、流速为限制因子,通过栖息地模拟法获得适宜江豚栖息的生态流量范围,耦合水文学法结果,推荐月尺度的生态流量方案;结合流量组分特征进行高流量脉冲设计,综合确定生态流量过程。结果表明:1)长江干流(铜陵段)水文情势改变度达49.74%,为中度改变,且流量事件主要以枯水流量和高流量脉冲为主,环境流量事件趋向单一化;2)长江江豚栖息地适宜流量范围为19000~31100 m^(3)/s,最佳适宜流量范围为22500~28500 m^(3)/s;丰水期适宜范围为27000~31000 m^(3)/s、35000~45000 m^(3)/s、60000~62000 m^(3)/s;高流量脉冲事件为流量值高于39100 m^(3)/s时,其持续时间至少在3 d以上,并以高流量脉冲峰值上限48000 m^(3)/s作为小洪水发生的初始值。本研究成果可为长江干流江豚生境保护和生态调度提供科学数据支撑,为切实推进长江大保护提供技术支撑。Yangtze finless porpoise is an important species for indicating the health of the Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem.The environmental flow process based on habitat demands is key to study the environmental flows in the Yangtze River mainstream.In order to obtain environmental flows for the suitable habitat of Yangtze finless,the indicators of hydrologic alteration and range of variability approach were used to quantitatively evaluate the hydrological regimes changes of the Tongling section of Yangtze River.Using water depth and flow velocity as limiting factors,the optimal environmental flows for Yangtze finless porpoise was calculated by habitat simulation model.And the monthly environmental flow schemes were recommended combined the results of hydrologic methods.To comprehensively determine the environmental flow process,a high flow pulse from April to September was designed by considering the flow component characteristics during the breeding period.The results showed that the overall degree of hydrological alternation of the Tongling section has reached moderate change(49.74%),environmental flows components mainly include low flows and high pulse flows,and environmental flow events tended to be homogeneous.The optimal environmental flows for the Yangtze finless porpoise habitat were 19000~31100 m^(3)/s,especially with the optimum values from 22500 to 28500 m^(3)/s in dry season;while in range of 27000~31000 m^(3)/s,35000~45000 m^(3)/s,and 60000~62000 m^(3)/s in wet season.When the flow value was higher than 39100 m^(3)/s,its duration of at least 3 days was regarded as a high flow pulse event,and the initial value of small flood occurs when the upper limit of high flow pulse peak Q=48000 m^(3)/s.The results of this study can provide scientific data support for the habitat protection and ecological regulation of the Yangtze River finless porpoise,and provide technical support for effectively promoting the protection of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：生态流量 江豚保护 水文学法 栖息地模拟法 长江干流铜陵段 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]