求得之道何以可能?--传统德福一致的困境与孟子性命论的回应  

The Dilemma of the Traditional View on the Consistency of Virtue and Good Fortune and the Response of the Theory of Nature and Destiny by Mencius

作　　者：闵军[1] 李柳苏 MIN Jun;LI Liusu(School of Marxism,Chang'an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2024年第1期122-128,共7页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

摘　　要：自西周以来的传统德福一致观在春秋时期的社会动荡中面临危机,人们以德承天而求得幸福生活的美好愿望几近破灭。在此背景下,孟子以性命论作为回应,为人能够以德承天提供了天命依据,他在厘清性与命的关系的同时,从更高维度重新回答了求得之道何以可能。孟子性命论将传统以夭寿穷达为福祸的德福一致观,发展为以道德得失为福祸的超越性德福一致观,并以“求之有道,得之有命”的求得观化解了传统德福一致的困境。The traditional view on the consistency of virtue and good fortune since Western Zhou Dynasty,however,faced a crisis during the social upheavals of the Spring and Autumn period.The idealistic hope of achieving a happy life by accepting the heaven's will via virtue was almost shattered.In response to this,Mencius proposed the theory of nature and destiny,which provided a belief for people to accept the heaven's will via virtue.By clarifying the relationship between nature and destiny,Mencius answered the question regarding the possibility of achieving the ideal way of life from a higher dimension.His theory of nature and destiny transformed the traditional view on the consistency of virtue and good fortune,which had been based on the length of one's life or one's rank and honor,into a transcendent view on the consistency of virtue and good fortune based on moral gain and loss.His theory emphasizes that there is a way to achieve one's goals,and that success also depends on fate.By doing so,the dilemma of the traditional view on the consistency of virtue and good fortune is resolved.

关 键 词：德福一致 性命论 孟子 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]