基于声子晶体的高速列车地板支撑层隔声研究  

Research on Sound Insulation of Floor Support Layer of High-speed Trains Based on Phonon Crystal

作　　者：李海萍 曹兴潇 石广田[2] 张晓芸 宋杲[1] 张小安 LI Haiping;CAO Xingxiao;SHI Guangtian;ZHANG Xiaoyun;SONG Gao;ZHANG Xiaoan(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Service Environment and Intellgent Operation of Rail Transit,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学甘肃省轨道交通服役环境与智能运维重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第1期220-225,233,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52362049);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(22JR5RA344,22JR11RA152);甘肃省教育厅青年博士支持项目(2022QB-063,2023QB-037);兰州市科技计划资助项目(2022-ZD-131);中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(22ZYIQA005);兰州交通大学青年科学基金资助项目(2021014)。

摘　　要：随着高速列车运营速度不断提高,轨道交通产生的振动噪声会严重影响列车的车内声环境,进而降低乘坐舒适性,因此针对列车噪声源部位的车体隔声设计至关重要。目前的隔声措施能够有效控制车内中高频噪声,而对于低频噪声的抑制效果还有待进一步提升。声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的周期性结构材料,该结构不需要大尺寸即可在局域共振作用下形成低频带隙,进而抑制弹性波的传播从而起到低频降噪作用。基于声子晶体周期性理论,以车辆转向架部位地板的木骨支撑层为对象,研究声子晶体在木骨支撑层隔声中的应用,系统分析声子晶体结构的带隙特性和隔声特性以及基于声子晶体结构的支撑层隔声性能。研究结果表明:通过改变结构形式及其参数可实现对于声子晶体结构的带隙形成频带及其隔声特性的人为设计和控制;以高速列车地板中的木骨结构为对象,结合声子晶体理论将其设计为木骨和声子晶体组合结构形式,不仅能够保持声子晶体在0~220 Hz低频段和620~710 Hz频段优越的隔声性能,同时可极大提升220~620 Hz频段的隔声性能;既维持该层结构的支撑作用,又能很好提升隔声性能,在高速列车地板设计中具有很强的有效性和适用性。With continuous increase of high-speed train operation speed,the vibration and noise caused by rail traffic will seriously affect the sound environment inside the train,and then reduce the ride comfort of passengers.Therefore,the sound insulation design for the source of train noise is very important.Currently,the sound insulation measures can only effectively control the middle and high frequency noises in the car,while the suppression of low frequency noise needs to be further improved.Phononic crystal is a kind of periodic structure material with elastic wave band gap.This structure can form low frequency band gap under the action of local resonance without needing large size,so as to suppress the propagation of elastic wave and play the role of low frequency noise reduction.Based on the phononic crystal periodicity theory,this paper studies the application of phononic crystal in the sound insulation of wood skeleton support layer beneath the floor of vehicle bogie,systematically analyzes the band gap characteristics and sound insulation characteristics of phononic crystal structure and the sound insulation performance of the phononic crystal structure support layer.The results show that the band gap formation frequency band and sound isolation characteristics of the phononic crystal structure can be artificially designed and controlled by changing the structure form and its parameters.Then,based on the phononic crystal theory,the frame structure beneath the floor of high-speed train is designed to be a combination structure of wood skeleton and phonon crystal.It is found that this structure can not only maintain the sound insulation performance of the phonon crystal in the low frequency band of 0-220 Hz and 620-710 Hz,but also greatly improve the sound insulation performance of the frequency band of 220-620 Hz.This structure can retain the support function of the layer structure,as well as improve the sound insulation performance,which has good effectiveness and applicability in the design of high-speed train

关 键 词：声学 轨道交通车辆 低频噪声控制 声子晶体 带隙特性 隔声特性 

分 类 号：TU112.41[建筑科学—建筑理论]