基于出行费用的城市轨道交通补贴优化模型  

Optimization model of urban rail transit subsidies based on travel fare

作　　者：汪晴 邓连波[2] 刘康妮 徐光明[2] WANG Qing;DENG Lianbo;LIU Kangni;XU Guangming(School of Modern Posts,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China;School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Transportation and Logistics,Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic,Guangzhou 510430,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学现代邮政学院,江苏南京210003 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [3]广州铁路职业技术学院运输物流学院,广东广州510430

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第1期354-362,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目(NY221037);南京市人力资源和社会保障局科技创新项目(RK104NLX22009);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71471179);广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2019GKQNCX102)。

摘　　要：城市轨道交通作为国家重大基础设施,是国民经济大动脉,在经济社会发展中的地位和作用极其重要。科学合理地定价和补贴是保障城市轨道交通健康发展、提升系统整体和多方主体效益的重要手段。基于此,深入揭示乘客出行需求、企业运行计划和政府政策实施之间的多方主体博弈关系和利益需求,从城市轨道交通运营系统出发,并考虑补贴的公平性,构建了以社会福利最大化为目标的补贴优化模型,并融合票价和客流出行里程对补贴的影响。依据补贴优化模型特点,设计相应的启发式求解算法。以长沙地铁2号线为例,分析所提基于出行费用的补贴方案对客流出行行为和运营系统的影响,验证优化模型及算法的可行性。此外,以固定补贴方案为比较对象,研究结果表明:1)相比于固定补贴方案,基于出行费用的补贴方案对运营企业起到一定的激励作用,能够吸引更多的客流出行,提高运营效益,同时降低所需的补贴额度;2)2种补贴方案下客流集中度存在差异,基于出行费用的补贴方案较固定补贴方案下的客流分布更为均衡,更能体现补贴的公平性。基于出行费用的补贴方案综合考虑了乘客出行距离和票价,补贴分配符合“递远递增”的规律,体现了补贴的公平性,并有利于补贴资源的合理分配,研究成果可以为公共交通“合理补贴”方案的制定和实施提供理论支持和决策依据。As a crucial national infrastructure,urban rail transit serves as the main artery of the national economy,and its status and role in economic and social development are of utmost significance.Scientific and reasonable pricing and subsidies are essential measures to ensure the healthy development of urban rail transit and enhance the benefits for all stakeholders in the system.First,the multi-party game relationship and interests among passengers,operators,and government were deeply revealed.Starting from the urban rail transit operation system,considering the fairness of subsidies,a subsidy optimization model with the goal of maximizing social welfare was constructed.The impact of fares and passenger travel distance on subsidies was integrated.Based on the characteristics of the subsidy optimization model,the corresponding heuristic solution algorithm was designed.Taking Changsha Metro Line 2 as a case study,the impact of the proposed subsidy scheme based on travel behavior and operation system was analyzed,and the feasibility of the optimization model and algorithm was verified.Besides,taking the fixed subsidy scheme as the comparison object,the results are shown as follows.1)The fare-based subsidy scheme has a greater incentive effect on operators,attracting more passengers,improving operational efficiency,and significantly reducing the amount of subsidy required.2)There is a difference in the concentration of passengers under the two subsidy schemes,with the fare-based subsidy scheme being more balanced and reflecting the fairness of the subsidy more effectively.The subsidy scheme based on fares comprehensively takes into account both passenger travel distance and fare.The distribution of subsidies follows the“increasing with distance”rule,which reflects the fairness of subsidies and facilitates the rational allocation of subsidy resources.The research findings can provide theoretical support and a basis for decisionmaking in the formulation and implementation of“reasonable subsidies”for public transpo

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 社会福利 出行费用 补贴系数 服务频率 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]