食用菌产业:一个原则 一种模式  

Mushroom Industry: One Principle and One Mode

作　　者：张树庭[1] CHANG Shuting(The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hongkong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学,中国香港新界999077

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第1期1-10,共10页Acta Edulis Fungi

摘　　要：食用菌是大型真菌的子实体。它们是异养生物,必须从基质中获得所有的营养需求。食用菌栽培以木质纤维素为基质,它们是农林产业副产品。这些木质纤维素材料与真菌结合后就在生物世界创造一些特殊的东西。因为食用菌的细胞壁含有几丁质而不是纤维素,所以它们既不是植物也不是动物。最近对一个4.4亿年前的蘑菇化石研究结果表明,蘑菇可能是生活在陆地上最古老的生物。食用菌生物学是一门相对较新的科学学科,它涉及蘑菇科学研究的所有方面。应用食用菌生物学主要是两个领域的研究:一个是关于食用菌生产的食用菌科学,另一个是关于食用菌产品的食用菌生物技术。因此,食用菌科学和食用菌生物技术可以说是食用菌产业的两条腿。应用食用菌生物学的目标就是解决当今世界以及随着人口持续增长,未来世界将持续面临的两个基本问题。这两个问题就是食物和健康,它们紧密相关,并且我们正在试图提供解决方案。Mushrooms are fruiting bodies of macro fungi.They are heterotrophic organisms which must obtain all their nutritive requirements from the substrate.Mushroom substrates are lignocellulosic material that are by-products of either agro-industrial plants or the forest.When these lignocellulosic materials combine with other fungi,something special is created in the living world.Because mushroom cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose,they are neither plants nor animals.A recent report on mushroom fossils indicates that a 440-million-year-old fossilized mushroom may be the oldest organism to have lived on dry land.Mushroom biology is a relatively new discipline in science as it concerns all aspects of the scientific studies of mushrooms.Applied mushroom biology is the study of two main disciplines:mushroom science which is about mushroom production and mushroom biotechnology that is about mushroom products.As such,mushroom science and mushroom biotechnology can be characterized as the two legs of the mushroom industry.The aim of applied mushroom biology is to tackle the two basic problems that the world faces today and will continue to face as the world population continues to grow.Two issues are studied closely and attempt to provide a solution to them:food and health.

关 键 词：大型真菌 食用菌产业 食用菌科学 食用菌生物技术 

分 类 号：F316.13[经济管理—产业经济]