相似异源指纹研究进展及展望  

Progress and Prospects of Close Non-Matching Study

作　　者：韩文强 罗亚平[1] HAN Wenqiang;LUO Yaping(People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2024年第1期64-71,共8页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中国人民公安大学刑事科学技术双一流创新研究专项(2023SYL06)。

摘　　要：指纹鉴定错案的发生引发了对指纹证据科学性要求的提高,伴随着指纹数据库的不断扩增,指纹相似异源问题已经成为指纹检验领域的重要研究内容之一,其对指纹鉴定标准的构建具有重要意义,也给指纹鉴定带来风险和挑战。本文首先介绍相似异源指纹的研究背景以及概念,然后从相似异源指纹的产生原因和鉴定错误率两方面展开综述,最后结合研究现状对其未来的发展趋势提出几点展望,以期补充指纹鉴定基础理论,为指纹证据的量化评价提供一定的参考。The occurrence of famous fi ngerprint identifi cation errors,such as the McKie case in the UK and the Madrid train bombing case in Spain,has triggered an increase in the scientifi c requirements for fi ngerprint evidence,and the industry is in urgent need of basic theoretical research on close non-matches(CNMs).In addition,with the continuous expansion of the fi ngerprint database,the fi ngerprints screened by automatic fi ngerprint identifi cation system with the highest scores are highly similar to the fi ngermarks,and the identifi cation risks brought by CNMs are constantly amplifi ed.The problem of CNMs has become one of the important research contents in the fi eld of fi ngerprint inspection,which is of great signifi cance to the construction of fi ngerprint identifi cation standards.In this paper,fi rstly,the research background of CNMs is expounded with the Madrid train bombing case.Secondly,the concept of CNMs and a peer-reviewed standard are introduced.Then,the causes of CNMs(mainly monozygotic twins and automatic fi ngerprint identifi cation system),the false positive error rate and the causes of identifi cation errors are comprehensively and deeply analyzed and summarized.Finally,combined with the research status,some prospects for its future development trend are put forward,with a view to supplementing the basic theory of fi ngerprint identifi cation and providing some reference for the quantitative evaluation of fi ngerprint evidence.

关 键 词：指纹鉴定 指纹自动识别系统 双胞胎指纹 相似异源指纹 

分 类 号：DF794.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]