半湿润偏旱区水肥耦合对大豆产量的影响  

Effect of Water-Fertilizer Coupling on Soybean Yieldin Semi- Humid to Semi-Arid Region

作　　者：张洁 田文仲[1,2] 黄向荣 郭建秋 丁志强 李俊红 李林[1] 李芳 常丽丹[1] 亢江飞 姚宇卿 吕军杰[1,2] ZHANG Jie;TIAN Wenzhong;HUANG Xiangrong;GUO Jianqiu;DING Zhiqiang;LI Junhong;LI Lin;LI Fang;CHANG Lidan;KANG Jiangfei;YAO Yuqing;LÜJunjie(Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang Henan 471023,China;Luoyang Arid Agricultural Experiment Base,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,LuoyangHenan 471023,China;Luoyang Seed Management Station,Luoyang Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国农科院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471023 [3]洛阳市种子管理站,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第3期469-476,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD88B02-04);国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B07);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300707);洛阳市乡村振兴专项(2202024A)。

摘　　要：以洛阳市农林科学院长期定位14 a(2004年始)的水肥耦合试验为平台,于2017-2020年连续4 a采用二次饱和D—最优试验设计,对大豆产量及成产因素进行测定分析。探明半湿润偏旱区不同降水年景下大豆对水肥耦合的响应,为实现大豆增产及水分利用提供理论依据。结果表明:在大豆生育期干旱发生不同的4 a, 2017年苗期—花期,2018年荚期,2019年盛花期,2020年鼓粒期,大豆的产量趋势一致,同一年度产量随灌水量的增加而增加,在本试验条件下大于383 mm灌水能打破干旱的约束,可满足大豆的生长,使产量显著增加;氮肥对产量的影响较平缓,大体趋势是升-降-升-降,以N90达最大值。磷肥对产量影响更平缓,趋势与氮肥一致,4个年度以P84产量最高。3个因素影响大小为水>氮肥>磷肥。有效荚数对水肥的响应较敏感,百粒质量对水肥的响应较平稳。不同年景不同时期的干旱对大豆产量的影响要素不同,盛花期的干旱对有效荚数影响较大,荚期干旱对百粒质量影响最大,鼓粒期对产量影响较小;生产上应重视大豆花期和荚期的水分供应。Based on the long-term water-fertilizer coupling experiment conducted by the Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences for 14 years(from 2004),the quadratic saturation D-optimal experimental design was used for four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 to analyze the soybean yield and its yield components.This study aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for increasing soybean yields and efficiently managing water resources in semi-humid to semi-arid regions.The results showed that consistent trends in soybean yield over the four years,with higher irrigation levels leading to increased yields during different growth stages.Under the experimental conditions,irrigation exceeding 383 mm alleviated droughtconstraints,promoting soybean growth and significantly increasing yields.Nitrogen fertilizer exhibited a relatively gentle effect on yield,generally following an increase-decrease-increase-decrease patterns,with the maximum yield achieved at N 90.Phosphate fertilizer also had a mild effect on yield,typically following an increase-decrease-increase-decrease pattern,with the highest production observed at P 84 The influence of the three factors ranked as water>nitrogen fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer.The influence of three factors was water>nitrogen fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer.The effective pod number proved to be sensitive to the effect of water and fertilizer,while the effect of water and fertilizer on 100-seed mass remained stable.Different years and growth stages of drought had varying effects on soybean yield.Drought during full flowering stage had a greater effect on the number of effective pods,while drought druing the pod stage had the greatest effect on 100-grain mass.Drought during bulging stage had a little effect on yield;in practical production,special attention should be paid to providing the adequate water during flowering and pod stages of soybean growth.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 大豆 产量 成产因素 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]