细菌素的特点及其在反刍动物中的应用  

Characteristics of bacteriocins and their application in ruminants

作　　者：郭耀棋 魏吉安 辛杭书[1] 包小平 GUO Yao-qi;WEI Ji-an;XIN Hang-shu;BAO Xiao-ping

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科技学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]美欣达集团有限公司,浙江湖州313002 [3]现代牧业(集团)有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第1期126-130,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(项目编号:CARS36)。

摘　　要：细菌素是细菌通过核糖体产生的小肽类物质,对很多革兰氏阳性病原菌和耐药菌具有良好的抗菌活性,并广泛存在于反刍动物瘤胃中。根据结构特征,细菌素可分为翻译后修饰细菌素和非翻译后修饰细菌素两大类,通常具有双亲性结构并带有正电荷。细菌素可通过在靶细胞膜上形成孔洞导致内容物外流、抑制靶细胞壁、蛋白质或脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的合成。细菌素能够促进反刍动物瘤胃发育,参与瘤胃发酵和微生态系统调控,减少甲烷和氨气产生,并具有预防和治疗乳房炎等作用。文章综述了细菌素的分类、生物合成、作用机理及其在反刍动物养殖中的应用研究,为更好地开发细菌素类产品提供参考。Bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized small peptides produced by bacteria,which show good antimicrobial activities against many Gram-positive pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria,and are widely distributed in the rumens of ruminants.Based on the structure,bacteriocins are divided into post-translationally modified bacteriocins and non posttranlationally modified bacteriocins.They usually have amphiphilic structures and are positively charged.Bacteriocins form holes in the target cell membrane,which lead to the outflow of contents and inhibit the synthesis of the target cell wall,protein or DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid).Bacteriocins can stimulate rumen development,participate in rumen fermentation and microbial system regulation,reduce the production of methane and ammonia,and are used for prevention or treatment of cow mastitis.The article reviews the classification,biological synthesis,mode of action of bacteriocins and their application in ruminants,to provide references for better development of bacteriocin products.

关 键 词：细菌素 生物合成 作用机理 反刍动物 瘤胃发酵 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]