外泌体调控肿瘤侵袭转移的研究进展  

Research progress of exosomes in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis

作　　者：李星 何彩一 刘亮[1] LI Xing;HE Caiyi;LIU Liang(Tumor Institute,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第四医院肿瘤研究所,石家庄050011

出　　处：《生命的化学》2023年第12期1927-1933,共7页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究重点课题项目(20230140);河北省引进国外智力项目(冀科专函[2022]11号);河北省政府资助临床医学人才培养项目(冀卫办科教[2021]9号)。

摘　　要：外泌体(exosomes)是一种由多种类型细胞分泌的磷脂双层膜囊泡,直径在30~100 nm之间。它们存在于几乎所有体液中,如血液、脑脊液、尿液、胆汁、乳汁等。外泌体能够携带多种物质,介导细胞间通讯并反映来源细胞的状态。外泌体在肿瘤进展中发挥了重要的作用,它们可以通过促进肿瘤细胞上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)、形成转移前微环境(pre-metastatic niche,PMN)以及促进促炎症和免疫抑制微环境的形成,促进肿瘤的侵袭转移。本文综述了外泌体调控肿瘤侵袭转移的作用机制,包括外泌体介导的细胞间信号传递、外泌体调控肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等方面。此外,本文还探讨了外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的作用及其与免疫逃逸的关系,期望为深入研究外泌体对肿瘤的调控作用提供新的思路、为肿瘤治疗提供新的靶点和策略。Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30~100 nm that are secreted by various types of cells.They are present in almost all body fluids,such as blood,cerebrospinal fluid,urine,bile,breast milk and others.Exosomes can carry various cargoes to mediate cell-to-cell communication and reflect the state of donor cells.Exosomes play a crucial role in tumor progression by promoting the invasion and metastasis of tumors through facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of cancer cells,establishing pre-metastatic niche(PMN)and forming an inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which exosomes regulate tumor invasion and metastasis,encompassing their function in intercellular signaling,as well as their regulation of tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.Additionally,this review explores the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment and their relationship with immune evasion,hoping to provide new insights on the regulatory function of exosomes in tumors and offer promising targets and strategies for cancer therapy.

关 键 词：外泌体 肿瘤侵袭转移 上皮-间质转化 转移前微环境 免疫抑制 

分 类 号：R730.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]