基于分步体对角线法的数控机床空间误差补偿  

Volumetric Error Compensation of CNC Machine Tools Based on Method of Sequential Step Diagonal

作　　者：韩伟 崔益铭 刘阔 陈玉峰 陈虎 王永青[1] HAN Wei;CUI Yiming;LIU Kuo;CHEN Yufeng;CHEN Hu;WANG Yongqing(Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Kede Numerical Control Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116600,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学精密与特种加工教育部重点实验室,大连116024 [2]科德数控股份有限公司,大连116600

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2023年第23期79-85,共7页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775085);辽宁省科技重大专项(2020JH1/10100016);辽宁省‘兴辽英才计划’(XLYC1807081)。

摘　　要：空间误差的测量与补偿是提升机床加工精度的重要手段。本文采用一种基于激光多普勒位移测量仪的分步体对角线法测量辨识了机床的几何误差元素。然后,基于齐次坐标变换理论,建立了立式加工中心的空间误差模型,并采用离线修改G代码的方式实施了机床空间误差补偿。与激光干涉仪多线法相比,分步体对角线法更加简便快捷,通过4次测试快速获得12项关键几何误差元素。误差测试与补偿试验结果表明,加工中心的整体精度水平有了大幅度提高,体对角线误差降低为原来的32.5%。The measurement and compensation of volumetric error is an important means to improve the machining accuracy of machine tools.A measurement method based on a laser Doppler displacement meter is used to identify the geometric error elements of the machine tool.Then,based on the theory of homogeneous coordinate transformation,the volumetric error model of the vertical machining center is established.And use offline modification of G code to implement machine tool volumetric error compensation.Compared with the laser interferometer multiline method,the method of sequential step diagonal is simpler and faster,and 12 key geometric errors can be quickly obtained through 4 tests.The results of error test and compensation show that the overall accuracy level of machining center has been greatly improved,and the body diagonal error has been reduced to 32.5%.

关 键 词：空间误差 分步体对角线法 误差补偿 误差辨识 齐次坐标变换矩阵 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]