基于Burger’s蠕变模型的采矿车行驶海底稀软底质下陷研究  

The subsidence by mining car traveling on deep-sea soft bottom based on Burger's creep model

作　　者：赵化淋 孙永福 贾超[1,2] 卫如春 邓浩[1,2] 吴滔 ZHAO Hualin;SUN Yongfu;JIA Chao;WEI Ruchun;DENG Hao;WU Tao(Institute of Marine Science and Technology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Marine Geology and Engineering Research Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;National Deep Sea Center,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学海洋研究院,青岛266237 [2]山东大学海洋地质与工程研究所,青岛266237 [3]国家深海基地管理中心,青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2024年第1期179-190,共12页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“新型采矿模式采矿环境影响研究”(2021YFC2801705)。

摘　　要：在陆地矿产资源日渐枯竭的今天,深海矿产资源已成为全球各个国家争相开采与利用的焦点,深海采矿车是实现深海矿产资源开采的重要装备。海底稀软底质是一种承载力与抗剪强度极低的特殊底质,在采矿作业中,深海稀软底质的物理力学特性直接影响采矿车行走的稳定性。文章选取Burger’s接触模型作为深海稀软底质的本构模型,对某海域海底稀软原状土开展室内三轴试验,通过PFC3D颗粒流数值模拟实验对比实际三轴试验,对稀软底质的Burger’s蠕变模型进行参数标定,同时依据标定结果改变相应参数,针对5种不同底质条件的工况,建立海底采矿车的数字仿真模型,模拟各工况下采矿车在不同行驶速度时的下陷深度。结果显示,下陷深度会随行驶速度呈非线性变化,在一定范围内随着行驶速度的增大而减少并逐渐趋于稳定。同时结果还表明,该区域海底稀软底质具有更高的黏粒含量(38.1%~48.4%)、含水率(88.13%~137.79%)和压缩性(压缩系数:1.86~3.73 MPa^(-1),压缩模量:1.26~2.13 MPa),具有更低的密度(1.3~1.5 g/cm^(3))和强度特性(贯入阻力:0.19~1.32 N,黏聚力:3.7~6.9 kPa,内摩擦角:2.4°~3.9°),即承载力较低,蠕变性能较强。本研究在宏观上做了一般的探讨,为类似参数的稀软底质下海底采矿车的运行安全控制提供了较好借鉴与依据。With the depletion of terrestrial mineral resources,the deep-sea mineral resources have become the focus of exploitation and utilization in all countries of the world.A deep-sea mining car is an important equipment for deep-sea mineral resources mining,and a soft marine sediment is a special substrate with very low bearing capacity and shear strength.In mining operations,the physical and mechanical properties of soft marine sediment directly affect the stability of mining vehicles.The Burger's contact model was selected as the constitutive model of deep-sea soft sediment,and a laboratory triaxial test was carried out on seafloor soft undisturbed soil in a certain area.By comparing the actual triaxial test with PFC3D particle flow numerical simulation experiment,parameters of the Burger's creep model of soft sediment were calibrated.Meanwhile,the corresponding parameters were modified according to the calibration results,the digital simulation model of the seabed mining vehicle was established under five working conditions with different soil beds,and the subsidence depth of the mining car under different driving speeds under each working condition was simulated.The results show that the subsidence depth changes nonlinearly with the driving speed,and the subsidence depth decreases with the increasing of the speed in a certain range and gradually tends to be stable.In addition,the soft sediment in the creep area features higher clay content(38.1%~48.4%),water content(88.13%~137.79%),and compressibility(compression coefficient:1.86~3.73 MPa^(−1),compression modulus:1.26~2.13 MPa),and lower density(1.3~1.5 g/cm^(3))and strength(penetration resistance:0.19~1.32 N,cohesion:3.7~6.9 kPa,internal friction angle:2.4°~3.9°),indicating that the bearing capacity is low and the creep performance is strong.This study provided a reference on a macro level and a theoretical basis for safe operation of seabed mining vehicle on soft bottom with similar parameters.

关 键 词：海底采矿车 海底稀软底质 Burger’s蠕变模型 PFC3D颗粒流 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]