铝合金薄壁零件铣削加工颤振主动抑制方法  

Active flutter suppression method for aluminum alloy thin⁃walled parts milling

作　　者：王优强 李梦杰 赵涛 朱玉玲 何彦 WANG You-qiang;LI Meng-jie;ZHAO Tao;ZHU Yu-ling;HE Yan(School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2023年第12期3351-3357,共7页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575289);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GHY112068);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME063)。

摘　　要：铝合金薄壁零件由于其刚性差,易受主轴转速、轴向切削深度、给进速度以及径向切削深度等因素的影响,导致其在铣削加工过程中极易出现颤振现象。为解决这一问题,设计了铝合金薄壁零件铣削加工颤振主动抑制方法。构建了基于圆柱螺旋立铣刀的铣削动力学模型,分析了x、y轴方向上的切削力变化,计算了切削时刀具刀齿的运行力学轨迹。利用小波神经网络比例积分微分控制算法,实现了零件铣削加工颤振的主动抑制。实验结果表明:该方法可在较高的刀具转速以及轴向切深下实现稳定的铣削加工,经抑制后的切削力与所设最佳切削力十分符合,且抑制后的振动控制在-5μm~5μm之间,可以减少加工中的变形和损伤,从而提高生产效率和产品寿命。Due to its poor rigidity,aluminum alloy thin-walled parts are easily affected by the spindle speed,axial cutting depth,feed speed and radial cutting depth,resulting in chatter in the milling process.In order to solve this problem,an active flutter suppression method for milling aluminum alloy thin-walled parts was designed.The milling dynamics model based on cylindrical spiral end milling cutter was established,the cutting force changes in x and y directions were analyzed,and the mechanical trajectories of cutter teeth during cutting were calculated.The wavelet neural network proportional integral derivative control algorithm was used to realize the active suppression of the chatter in milling parts.The experimental results show that the method can achieve stable milling under high tool speed and axial cutting depth,and the cutting force after inhibition is very consistent with the optimal cutting force,and the vibration range after inhibition is controlled between−5μm and 5μm,which can reduce the deformation and damage in the processing,thereby improving the production efficiency and product life.

关 键 词：机械加工 铝合金 薄壁零件 铣削加工 颤振主动抑制 运行力学轨迹 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]