营养性疾病儿童喂养及饮食行为调查分析  

Survey and Analysis of Feeding and Dietary Behavior of Children with Nutritional Diseases

作　　者：唐新红 杨永梅 Tang Xinhong;Yang Yongmei(Shanghai Jinshan District Maternal and Child Health Institute,Shanghai,201599,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区妇幼保健所,上海201599

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2023年第12期68-73,共6页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市金山区0~6岁营养性疾病儿童喂养及饮食行为状况,为有针对性地开展健康教育、培养儿童良好饮食行为习惯提供参考依据。方法:以2021年11月—2023年4月在金山区妇幼保健所儿童保健门诊就诊并被诊断为营养性疾病的儿童为调查对象,对其家长现场发放调查问卷,共回收有效问卷287份,采用SPSS26.0软件进行统计分析。结果:287名儿童6月内纯母乳喂养率为47.04%,混合喂养率为28.22%,6月辅食添加率为63.76%。饮食行为量表得分小于中位数3分的维度有挑食、食物响应、不良饮食习惯、过饱响应、外因性进食、情绪性进食。儿童不良进食习惯、过饱响应、情绪性进食、主动进食能力与低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、肥胖的发生有关,挑食与低体重、消瘦、肥胖的发生有关。饮食行为与超重、贫血发生的相关性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童性别、年龄、孕周、胎数、出生体重、6月内喂养方式、进餐时间、断母乳时间、父母亲BMI、食物过敏与多种营养性疾病发生有关。结论:医务工作者应加强对家长进行喂养知识的健康宣教力度,改善儿童不良的饮食行为,尽最大限度降低儿童营养性疾病的发生。OBJECTIVE To investigate the feeding and dietary behavior of children aged 0~6 years old with nutritional diseases in Jinshan district,and to provide reference for targeted health education and fostering good dietary habits in children.METHODS From November in 2021 to April in 2023,a survey was conducted among children diagnosed with nutritional diseases who visited the pediatric clinic of the Jinshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Center.The parents of these children were given a questionnaire on site,and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.RESULTS The exclusive breastfeeding rate within 6 months was 47.04%,the mixed feeding rate was 28.22%,and the rate of adding complementary foods within 6 months was 63.76%.The dimensions of feeding behavior with scores lower than the median score of 3 were picky eating,food responsiveness,unhealthy eating habits,overeating responsiveness,external eating,and emotional eating.Unhealthy eating habits,overeating responsiveness,emotional eating,and active feeding ability were related to low body weight,stunted growth,malnutrition,and obesity,while picky eating was related to low body weight,malnutrition,and obesity.There was no statistically significant correlation between dietary behavior and overweight or anemia.The occurrence of multiple nutritional diseases was related to the child’s gender,age,gestational age,number of fetuses,birth weight,feeding method within 6 months,meal time,weaning time,parents’BMI,and food allergy.CONCLUSION Medical workers should strengthen health education on feeding knowledge for parents,improve unhealthy dietary behavior,and minimize the occurrence of childhood nutritional diseases.

关 键 词：营养性疾病 喂养 饮食行为 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]