养鸡发酵床垫料中氨氮降解菌的分离及鉴定  

Isolation and Identification Bacteria for Efficient Removal of Amine Nitrogen from Fermentation Mattress Material

作　　者：徐庆贤[1] 刘芸[2] 罗晓建 阮传清[2] XU Qingxian;LIU Yun;LUO Xiaojian;RUAN Chuanqing(Agricultural Engineering Technology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;Fuzhou Institute of Technology,Lianjiang 350504,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所,福建福州350003 [3]福州理工学院,福建连江350504

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第1期42-46,共5页China Biogas

基　　金：福建省农业科学院科技创新平台专项(CXPT202104);福建省科技厅公益类科研院所专项(2020R1034009,2021R1032003)。

摘　　要：氨气主要来源于鸡粪,是养鸡场最常见和危害最大的恶臭气体之一,危害鸡的生长与发育,给养殖生产带来损失。使用氨氮降解菌可减少氨气的产生。以(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)为唯一氮源,从养鸡场发酵床垫料分离得到4株氨氮降解菌。通过16S rDNA序列分析,菌株FJAT-FJAT-56390和FJAT-56388属于纤维微细菌属(Cellulosimicrobium),与纤维素微水合菌Cellulosimicrobium aquatile strain 3bp(NR146008)同处于系统发育树最小分枝。菌株FJAT-56389则与蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus ATCC 1459(NR074540)最相似。与菌株FJAT-56387最相似的是解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(MK182997)。采用水杨酸分光光度法测定培养基氨氮浓度变化,结果表明,接菌96 h后,菌株FJAT-54390对氨氮去除率达84%,与FJAT-56387的去除率(79%)无显著差异(p=0.1631),显著(p=0.001)高于其它2株菌对氨氮的去除率(57%和76%),显示菌株FJAT-54390具有较高的氨气减排潜力,值得深入研究。Ammonia emissions is one of the most common and harmful odors produced by poultry manure in chicken farms,causing losses to production.Using bacteria with function of degrading ammonia nitrogen can inhibit the ammonia emissions.In this study,4 bacterial strains were isolated from chicken-raising fermentation material using culture medium with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as the sole nitrogen source.Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA sequences,strains FJAT-56390 and FJAT-56388 belong to the genus Cellulosimicrobium,and theyare grouped together with C.aquatile strain 3bp(NR146008)at a same basal clade of the phylogenetic tree.The strain FJAT-56389 isthemost similar to Bacillus cereus ATCC 1459(NR074540),with FJAT-56387 to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(MK182997)in the phylogenetictree.The concentration changes of ammonia nitrogen of mediawere measuredby the method of salicylic acid spectrophotometry.The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 84%by FJAT-54390in 96 hours,nonsignificantly higher than 79%of removal rateby FJAT-56387(p=0.1631),and significantly higher than that by the other two strains with removal rates of57%and 79%.This study indicates that FJAT-54390 is a promising microbial agentto mitigate ammonia emissions and it is worthy of further research.

关 键 词：发酵床 氨氮降解 纤维微细菌属 芽孢杆菌属 

分 类 号：TS275[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] X713[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]