导轨拉拔式红花采收装置设计与试验  

Design and test of guide rail pulling type safflower harvesting device

作　　者：何欢欢[1] 杨双平 封伟 He Huanhuan;Yang Shuangping;Feng Wei(Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Applied Vocational and Technical College,Kuitun,833200,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,830000,China;Hebei Agricultural Machinery Appraisal Station,Shijiazhuang,050031,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆应用职业技术学院机电工程学院,新疆奎屯833200 [2]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐市830000 [3]河北省农业机械鉴定总站,石家庄市050031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第1期42-48,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01B30);新疆应用职业技术学院科研基金项目(XYZY2021KYB001)。

摘　　要：针对目前红花丝人工采收强度大、效率低及机械化采收程度低等问题,设计一种导轨拉拔式红花采收装置。以新疆裕民无刺红花为研究对象,模拟人手抓取拉拔动作,通过夹取导轨与拉拔导轨相配合,正向行程内夹花板在导轨内先收紧后上升,实现对花丝的夹取和拉拔动作,通过负压收集拉拔下来的花丝,完成采收。对夹紧导轨、拉拔导轨、辅助导轨和挡花口等关键部件进行设计,计算并分析各导轨从动件的运动位移、运动速度和加速度。并在SolidWorks软件中对模型进行运动仿真分析,验证爬升架和夹花板的运动轨迹和运动规律。以装置采净率和花丝破损率为试验指标,以开花后1~5天的新疆裕民无刺红花(含水率≤44.5%)为试验对象,以采收频率为试验因素,进行单因素5水平试验,验证装置可行性并寻求最优采收频率。结果表明:当采收频率为20次/min时,导轨拉拔式红花采收装置采净率为97.64%,破损率为3.32%。研究结果可为红花机械化采收机具的研究提供参考依据。Aiming at the problems of high intensity,low efficiency and low degree of mechanized harvesting by current safflower silk workers,a guide rail pulling type safflower harvesting device was designed.Taking Xinjiang Yumin thornless safflower as the research object,it simulates the grasping and pulling action of human hands,and cooperates with the pulling guide rail through the gripping guide rail.The clipping and pulling action of the machine will collect the pulled filaments through negative pressure to complete the harvesting.Key components such as clamping guide,drawing guide,auxiliary guide and flower guard are designed,and the movement displacement,movement speed and acceleration of each guide rail follower are calculated and analyzed.The motion simulation analysis of the model is carried out in SolidWorks software,and the motion trajectory and motion law of the climbing frame and the splint are verified.The removal rate of the device and the filament damage rate are token as the test indicators,Xinjiang Yumin thornless safflower(water content≤44.5%)1-5 days after flowering are token as the test object,the harvest frequency is token as the test factor,the single factor 5 level test is carried out to verify the feasibility of the device and seek the optimal harvesting frequency.The results show that when the harvesting frequency is 20 times/min,the removal rate of the guide rail pulling type safflower harvesting device is 97.64%,and the damage rate is 3.32%.The research results can provide a reference for the research of safflower mechanized harvesting equipment.

关 键 词：红花 采收装置 夹取机构 运动仿真 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]