中国青年人群传统运动项目的能耗特征及预测方程研制——以健身气功·八段锦、健身气功·五禽戏、24式简化太极拳为例  

Energy Expenditure Characteristics and Development of Prediction Equations of Chinese Traditional Exercises for Chinese Young Adults:Take Fitness Qigong Baduanjin,Fitness Qigong Wuqinxi and 24-style Simplified Taichichuan as Examples

作　　者：曹维[1,2] 路明月 刘晓蕾 杨延平[1] 邱俊强 CAO Wei;LU Mingyue;LIU Xiaolei;YANG Yanping;QIU Junqiang(Department of Exercise Biochemistry,Exercise Science School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center,Beijing 100084,China;Department ofTraditional Sports,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]运动营养北京市高等学校工程研究中心,北京100084 [3]北京体育大学中国武术学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2023年第11期42-51,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“人体运动促进健康个性化精准指导方案关键技术研究”(项目编号:2018YFC2000600)。

摘　　要：目的:采用间接测热法测定中国青年人群习练健身气功·八段锦(八段锦)、健身气功·五禽戏(五禽戏)、24式简化太极拳(太极拳)3种中国传统运动项目的能耗(energy expenditure,EE)相关指标,分析能耗特征,建立基于心率(heart rate,HR)的能耗预测方程。方法:招募183名中国青年人作为研究对象(八段锦n=60,五禽戏n=72,太极拳n=51),按性别(男、女)、习练水平(熟练组、初学组)进行分组。采集身高、体成分后,佩戴便携式气体代谢仪和HR设备,测定习练1遍八段锦、五禽戏或太极拳的能耗指标。采用多元逐步线性回归方法建立能耗预测方程。结果:1)3种传统项目的平均EE为五禽戏>八段锦>太极拳(p<0.01),八段锦和五禽戏的运动总EE明显高于太极拳(p<0.01);METs为太极拳>五禽戏>八段锦(p<0.01);太极拳的心率差(△HR=运动平均HR-安静平均HR)和%HRmax明显高于五禽戏(p<0.01)和八段锦(p<0.01)。2) 3种传统项目的平均EE和运动总EE均体现出男性明显高于女性(p<0.05);男性习练八段锦的METs高于女性,除太极拳△HR以外,男性习练五禽戏和太极拳的HR指标均明显高于女性(p<0.05)。3)熟练组习练五禽戏的平均EE(p<0.01)和运动总EE(p<0.05)明显高于初学组;熟练组习练3种传统运动的部分运动强度指标明显高于初学组(p<0.05)。4)建立了3种传统项目的运动总EE预测方程。结论:1)本研究提供了中国青年人群习练八段锦、五禽戏、太极拳3种中国传统运动项目的能耗特征。运动中平均EE由大到小依次为五禽戏>八段锦>太极拳,习练1遍健身气功(八段锦和五禽戏)的运动总EE高于太极拳;3种传统项目均属于低强度运动。2) 3种传统项目的能耗特征均存在性别差异;3种传统项目的运动强度受到习练水平的影响。3)建立了基于HR的中国青年人群习练3种传统项目的运动总EE预测方程,并验证了其有效性。Objective:The purpose of this study was to measure the accurate energy expenditure indicators of three Chinese traditional exercises,including Fitness Qigong Baduanjin,Fitness Qigong Wuqinxi and 24-style Simplified Taijiquan,by using the method of indirect calorimetry,and to establish the heart rate(HR)-based energy prediction expenditure equations.Methods:A total of 183 Chinese young adults were recruited as research subjects,Baduanjin n=60,Wuqinxi n=72,Taichichuan n=51),The subjects of different exercises were divided into groups according to gender(male and female) and practice level(skilled group and beginner group).After basic information including height and body composition were collected,subjects wore a portable gas metabolizer and HR equipment to measure the energy consumption index of Baduanjin,Wuqinxi,or Taichichuan after practicing for one time,The energy consumption prediction equation is established by multiple stepwise linear regression method.Results:1)The mean EEs of the three traditional exercises were Wuqinxi > Baduanjin > Taichichuan(p<0.01),and the total exercise EEs of Baduanjin and Wuqinxi were significantly higher than those of Taichichuan(p<0.01);the METs were Taichichuan > Wuqinxi >Baduanjin(p<0.01);and the △HR and %HRmax of Taichichuan were significantly higher than those of Wuqinxi(p<0.01) and Baduanjin(p<0.01).2) The mean EE and exercise total EE of the three traditional exercises reflected that males were significantly higher than females(p<0.05);the METs of males practicing Baduanjin were higher than females,and except for the difference in HR of Taichiquan(△HR=exercise mean HR-quiet mean HR),the HR indexes of males practicing Wuqinxi and Taichichuan were higher than those of females(p<0.05).3) The skilled group practiced Wuqinxi,the mean EE(p<0.01) and exercise total EE(p<0.05) were significantly higher than those of the primary group;and some of the exercise intensity indexes of the three traditional sports practiced by the skilled group were significantly higher than those of

关 键 词：健身气功 八段锦 五禽戏 24式简化太极拳 间接测热法 能耗特征 预测方程 

分 类 号：G852.6[文化科学—民族体育] G852.11[文化科学—体育学]