流体阻力和抛射高度对抛射体运动规律的影响研究  

Research on the Influence of Fluid Resistance and Ejection Height on the Motion Law of Projectiles

作　　者：易婉 周琪 陆振烟 麻志君 周海霞 YI Wan;ZHOU Qi;LU Zhenyan;MA Zhijun;ZHOU Haixia(School of Physics and Electronics,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Hunan,Xiangtan 411201;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials,Xiangtan,Hunan 411201)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学物理与电子科学学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]智能传感器与新型传感材料湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《物理通报》2024年第2期27-30,34,共5页Physics Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金,项目编号:12205093;湖南省自然科学基金,项目编号:2021JJ40188;湖南科技大学教学改革研究项目,项目编号:G32117;湖南科技大学大学生创新训练项目,项目编号:S202110534058.

摘　　要：从动力学方程出发,定量分析阻力大小和抛射高度对抛体运动最佳抛射角的影响.结果表明,阻力系数不为零且给定抛射高度时,最佳抛射角先是随初速度的增加而急剧上升,到达某一个极大值后转为平缓地单调下降.而当阻力系数保持不变时,最佳抛射角随初速度的变化行为与抛射高度密切相关.但不管阻力系数和抛射高度取任何非负值,抛体运动最佳抛射角均小于45°.另外,在其他参量保持不变的前提下,抛体运动最佳抛射角均是随抛射高度和阻力系数的增大而单调减小.Starting from the dynamic equations,the effects of resistance magnitude and projectile height on the optimal projectile angle are quantitatively analyzed.It is shown that when the resistance coefficient is not zero and given the projectile altitude,the optimum projection angle first rises sharply with the initial velocity,and decreases gently and monotonically after reaching a certain maximum.When the resistance coefficient is kept constant,the changing behavior of the optimum projection angle with the initial velocity is closely related to the projectile altitude.However,regardless of any non-negative value of the resistance coefficient and the projectile altitude,the optimum projection angle of the projectile motion is less than the 45degree angle of the ideal situation.In addition,while the other parameters remain unchanged,the optimum projection angle of the projectile motion decreases monotonically as the projectile altitude and the resistance coefficient increase.

关 键 词：抛体运动 阻力 抛射高度 最佳抛射角 

分 类 号：O35[理学—流体力学] O311[理学—力学]