机车车辆橡胶元件动态建模及其应用  

Dynamic Modelling and Application of Locomotive Rubbers

作　　者：刘林 张涛 陈清华 凌亮 王开云 LIU Lin;ZHANG Tao;CHEN Qinghua;LING Liang;WANG Kaiyun(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;National Innovation Center of High Speed Train,Qingdao 266300,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]国家高速列车技术创新中心,山东青岛266300

出　　处：《机械制造与自动化》2024年第1期108-112,共5页Machine Building & Automation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51825504)。

摘　　要：橡胶的动态特性依赖于外界激扰的幅值和频率。为充分体现铁道车辆橡胶部件的真实物理特性,兼顾动力学仿真计算的精度和时间,基于弹塑性理论建立橡胶元件动态模型。分别用摩擦力和黏滞力表征橡胶的振幅相关性和频率相关性;计算分析简谐激励下橡胶元件的等效刚度和阻尼;将橡胶元件模型结合车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分析车辆通过曲线时一系定位节点力的动态特性。研究结果表明:摩擦力提供的等效刚度随激扰幅值的增大而减小,阻尼随激扰幅值的增大而增大;黏滞力提供的等效刚度和阻尼都随激扰频率的增大而增大;橡胶元件在车辆曲线通过的不同阶段可反映不同的动态特性。Dynamic characteristics of rubber rely on amplitudes and frequencies of external excitation.In order to reflect the real physical properties of the rubbers in railway vehicles and balance the precision and calculation time of the dynamic simulation,a dynamic rubber model is established based on the elastic-plastic theory.The friction forces and viscous forces are used to represent the amplitude-dependence and frequency-dependence of the rubber respectively.The equivalence stiffness and damper of the rubber element are calculated and analyzed under the harmonic excitation.By combining the rubber model and the vehicle-track coupled model,dynamic characteristics of the primary rubber joint are studied in curve negotiation.The results show that equivalence stiffness provided by the friction forces decreases with the increase of the excitation amplitudes,while the damper increases with the increase of the excitation amplitudes.The equivalence stiffness and damper provided by the viscous forcesl both increase with the increase of the excitation frequencies,and in the different phases of curve negotiation,the rubber reflects different dynamic properties.

关 键 词：机车车辆 橡胶元件 动态特性建模 曲线通过 车辆-轨道耦合动力学 

分 类 号：O328[理学—一般力学与力学基础] U260.113[理学—力学]