水生生物毒性测试用于沉积物评价的研究进展  

Advances in aquatic biotoxicity testing for sediment evaluation

作　　者：张水航 徐丽[1] 姚玲爱 赵学敏 虢清伟 裴德富 马千里 ZHANG Shuihang;XU Li;YAO Lingai;ZHAO Xuemin;GUO Qingwei;PEI Defu;MA Qianli(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,100168,China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou,510530,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,沈阳100168 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,生态环境部生态环境应急研究所,广州510530

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第1期138-151,共14页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41977353)资助。

摘　　要：针对沉积物污染问题的研究目前已建立了不同的评价方法与体系,目前常用的结合生物毒性测试的有效应导向分析(EDA)、沉积物毒性鉴别评价(TIE)、证据权重法(WOE)、物种敏感性分布法(SSD)和沉积物质量基准(SQG)等,这些方法在河流、湖泊等水体沉积物中污染物毒性效应表征及沉积物质量评价方面有重要应用.本文指出水生生物毒性测试应用的重要性,根据不同学者的研究内容归纳了水生生物毒性测试的方法学,对沉积物进行水生生物毒性测试的基质处理包括直接采用污染沉积物、洁净沉积物加标以及人工配置沉积物,受试生物主要包括浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和鱼类,毒性试验终点包括急性毒性终点和慢性毒性终点;最后指出水生生物测试存在的问题,并对沉积物质量评价未来发展方向进行展望,以期为我国沉积物生物毒性测试标准方法的建立提供参考.Various evaluation methods have been developed for the risk assessment of sediment contamination,involving effect-directed analysis(EDA)for biological toxicity testing,sediment toxicity identification evaluation(TIE),weight-of-evidence(WOE),species sensitivity distribution(SSD),sediment quality benchmark(SQG),etc.These methods have been widely applied in toxic effects characterization of contaminants in river and lake sediments as well as in sediment quality evaluation.Aquatic biotoxicity test plays an important role in the above mentioned evaluation methods.In this review,methodology of aquatic biotoxicity testing in different studies were summarized,including treatment of testing substrates,selection of test organisms,and the test endpoints.3 types of testing substrates were introduced,which were directly use of contaminated sediment,clean sediment spiking,and artificial sediment.4 groups of widely used tested organisms,phytoplankton,zooplankton,benthic animals and fish,were elaborated.And 2 kinds of test endpoints,acute toxicity endpoints and chronic toxicity endpoints were summarized.Moreover,some problems of aquatic biotoxicity testing,and future development of sediment quality evaluation were discussed,hope to provide some reference in the standard methods establishment for sediment biotoxicity testing in China.

关 键 词：沉积物毒性 生物毒性 水生生物 污染物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]